Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Cells. 2021 Feb 5;10(2):340. doi: 10.3390/cells10020340.
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive cancer among primary brain tumours. As with other cancers, the incidence of glioblastoma is increasing; despite modern therapies, the overall mean survival of patients post-diagnosis averages around 16 months, a figure that has not changed in many years. Cannabigerol (CBG) has only recently been reported to prevent the progression of certain carcinomas and has not yet been studied in glioblastoma. Here, we have compared the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and anti-invasive effects of the purified natural cannabinoid CBG together with CBD and THC on established differentiated glioblastoma tumour cells and glioblastoma stem cells. CBG and THC reduced the viability of both types of cells to a similar extent, whereas combining CBD with CBG was more efficient than with THC. CBD and CBG, both alone and in combination, induced caspase-dependent cell apoptosis, and there was no additive THC effect. Of note, CBG inhibited glioblastoma invasion in a similar manner to CBD and the chemotherapeutic temozolomide. We have demonstrated that THC has little added value in combined-cannabinoid glioblastoma treatment, suggesting that this psychotropic cannabinoid should be replaced with CBG in future clinical studies of glioblastoma therapy.
胶质母细胞瘤是原发性脑肿瘤中最具侵袭性的癌症。与其他癌症一样,胶质母细胞瘤的发病率正在上升;尽管采用了现代疗法,患者确诊后的总体平均存活时间约为 16 个月,这一数字多年来没有变化。大麻萜酚(CBG)最近才被报道可阻止某些癌的进展,尚未在胶质母细胞瘤中进行研究。在这里,我们比较了纯化的天然大麻素 CBG 与 CBD 和 THC 对已建立的分化型胶质母细胞瘤肿瘤细胞和胶质母细胞瘤干细胞的细胞毒性、细胞凋亡和抗侵袭作用。CBG 和 THC 使两种类型的细胞的活力降低到相似的程度,而 CBD 与 CBG 联合使用比与 THC 联合使用更有效。CBD 和 CBG 单独和联合使用均可诱导半胱天冬酶依赖性细胞凋亡,而 THC 没有增效作用。值得注意的是,CBG 以类似于 CBD 和化疗药物替莫唑胺的方式抑制胶质母细胞瘤侵袭。我们已经证明,在联合大麻素治疗胶质母细胞瘤中,THC 的附加值很小,这表明在未来的胶质母细胞瘤治疗临床研究中,应将这种精神活性大麻素用 CBG 替代。