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新冠疫情大流行,乌干达的抗疫故事。

COVID-19 pandemic, Uganda's story.

机构信息

Harvard University, Harvard TH Chan School of Public health, Department of Global Health, USA.

Gulu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Uganda.

出版信息

Pan Afr Med J. 2020 May 27;35(Suppl 2):51. doi: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.2.23433. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage health care systems, economies, livelihoods, and cultures across the world, responses across countries have varied greatly. Uganda adopted its own model taking into consideration its culture, values, environment, socio-economic activities, beliefs, previous successful epidemic experience, and appears a hybrid policy to the Norwegian model. This model of response is perhaps based on Uganda's long experience in successful control of many previous epidemics which afflicted it and the neighboring countries, e.g, HIV and AIDs in the 1980s, Measles in the 1990s, Hepatitis B in the 2000s, Ebola in 2000, 2017 and 2018 and Marburg in 2018. In our view the near complete lockdown through shutting down air, road, water travels and congregate settings as well as the restriction of people's movement through the stay home policy may have, so far, played a significant role in this pandemic containment and control. Most notable is that there is an established and clear leadership structure, experienced health workforce, good political will, enabling environment, and good epidemic response by the population. Even though one can reasonably argue that the numbers of COVID-19 cases seen in Uganda so far, are not anywhere close to those large numbers seen in the USA, Asia and other European countries, Uganda's story on how it is managing the pandemic is worth sharing as it might provide useful lessons for future public health interventions to a pandemic of this magnitude, particularly in low-resource settings. Uganda's President continued to provide national leadership, guidance, and coordination to the COVID-19 National task force for the response. The President and Ministry of Health authorities employed both electronic and social media such as radios, music, Televisions, SMS messages, twitters, group emails, and WhatsApp messages to engage, mobilize, and sensitize the population on COVID-19 preventive interventions through provision of regular updates. In conclusion, simultaneous multiple public health interventions through a structured leadership may in part contribute to reasonable and timely control of a pandemic such as COVID-19.

摘要

随着 COVID-19 大流行继续在全球范围内肆虐医疗体系、经济、生计和文化,各国的应对措施也大相径庭。乌干达考虑到自己的文化、价值观、环境、社会经济活动、信仰、以前成功的流行经验,采用了自己的模式,似乎采用了混合政策,借鉴了挪威模式。这种应对模式可能基于乌干达在成功控制许多以前影响其和邻国的流行病方面的长期经验,例如 20 世纪 80 年代的 HIV 和艾滋病、20 世纪 90 年代的麻疹、21 世纪 00 年代的乙型肝炎、2000 年、2017 年和 2018 年的埃博拉以及 2018 年的马尔堡。在我们看来,通过关闭航空、道路、水路旅行和聚集场所以及通过居家政策限制人们的行动来实现近乎完全封锁,迄今为止,在控制这种大流行方面发挥了重要作用。最值得注意的是,建立了明确的领导结构、有经验的卫生工作队伍、良好的政治意愿、有利的环境以及民众的良好疫情应对能力。尽管人们可以合理地认为,迄今为止,乌干达报告的 COVID-19 病例数量与美国、亚洲和其他欧洲国家相比相去甚远,但乌干达在管理大流行方面的情况值得分享,因为它可能为未来在资源有限的环境中针对此类大流行的公共卫生干预措施提供有用的经验教训。乌干达总统继续为 COVID-19 国家工作队提供国家领导、指导和协调。总统和卫生部当局通过电子和社交媒体,如广播、音乐、电视、短信、推特、群组电子邮件和 WhatsApp 消息,就 COVID-19 预防措施与民众进行互动、动员和宣传,并定期提供最新情况。总之,通过结构化领导实施同步的多项公共卫生干预措施可能在一定程度上有助于合理和及时地控制 COVID-19 等大流行。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e280/7875747/f3f573bf3877/PAMJ-SUPP-35-2-51-g001.jpg

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