An evaluation of binge eating characteristics in individuals with eating disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objective of this review is to provide an updated synthesis of studies in individuals with eating disorders that examined the following components of binge eating episodes (BEEs): caloric intake, episode duration, and also the association of BEE size with psychopathology. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed following the PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted on PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, SciELO, ScienceDirect and ProQuest databases. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects models and meta-regression. Forty-three studies were included. There was a paucity of information regarding BEE in individuals with anorexia nervosa. The pooled caloric intake of participants with bulimia nervosa (BN) during BEE in laboratory studies was significantly greater in comparison to the caloric intake during BEE in clinical studies [(3070 (95%CI 2596, 3544) vs. 1789 (95%CI 1498, 2081)], respectively. In participants with binge eating disorder (BED), the pooled means were 2088 (95%CI 1819, 2358) kcal in laboratory studies and 1903 (95%CI 1622, 2184) kcal in clinical studies, with no statistically significant difference between groups. Overall, BEE had a mean duration of 37.3 min in participants with BN and 41.7 min in those with BED. We found a positive correlation between the average caloric intake and level of depression (β = 55.5; p = 0.019). BEE in individuals with BN or BED were characterized by the consumption of extremely large quantities of calories. This was mainly found in laboratory studies of individuals with BN. BEE had a mean duration of less than 1 h in individuals with BN or BED. BEE size was positively associated with depression severity. Future research should explore the relevance of binge size as a core component of binge eating in clinical samples, in males, and in pediatric populations.