Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India.
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, India.
Environ Res. 2021 May;196:110932. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110932. Epub 2021 Feb 26.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread across the globe through the human transmission. The World Health Organization suggested social distancing to curb the community spread. After national social lockdown started in India, air quality improved drastically. This further hypothesized to influence the environment and human health, and this study is positively the first to weigh it using multiple indices. The calculated environmental indices are photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP), acidification potential (AP), and eutrophication potential (EP). The cancer risk, chronic health index (CHI), and acute health index (AHI) were considered to calculate the health risk. The spatial trend change in the air pollution reflecting on these indices are calculated for four Indian megacities Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, and Kolkata. Temporal variation was accounted for monthly (2019 vs 2020), one-week and two-weeks period during the social lockdown. The results showed a significant decrease in environmental and health risk during the lockdown due to a corresponding decrement in air pollution. The decrease in the particulate matter was found to play a vital role in altering the air pollution mediated risks of interest. Delhi showed a maximum difference in POCP and Acute HI by recording a dip of 70.79% and 43.53% respectively in 2020 during lockdown. The maximum reduction in health risk indices was 41%, 31%, 17%, 19% for Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, and Kolkata. Bangalore recorded the maximum decline in EP, Cancer risk, Chronic HI by 66.66%, 58.62%, and 58.76% in 2020 compared to 2019. A maximum fall in AP was seen in Kolkata by 57.23% in 2020 among all cities. The connection between these drop-in indices and the cause of air pollutants were well discussed. This present paper gives more in-depth insights into air pollution's effect on environmental and health parameters by connecting and converging various air pollution aspects into a single scale. This study also enlightens the importance of controlling air pollution to have a better environment and healthy life to attain sustainable development.
新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）通过人际传播在全球范围内传播。世界卫生组织建议保持社交距离以遏制社区传播。印度开始全国社会封锁后，空气质量急剧改善。这进一步假设会影响环境和人类健康，而这项研究是积极使用多个指数来衡量它的首例。计算的环境指数为光化学臭氧生成潜能（POCP）、酸化潜能（AP）和富营养化潜能（EP）。考虑到癌症风险、慢性健康指数（CHI）和急性健康指数（AHI）来计算健康风险。为了计算这些指数，反映在空气污染上的空间趋势变化，对印度的四个特大城市——德里、班加罗尔、海得拉巴和加尔各答进行了计算。还考虑了月度变化（2019 年与 2020 年相比）、社会封锁期间的每周和两周时间段的时间变化。结果表明，由于空气污染相应减少，封锁期间环境和健康风险显著降低。发现颗粒物减少在改变感兴趣的空气污染介导风险方面发挥了重要作用。德里在 POCP 和急性 HI 方面的差异最大，记录到 2020 年封锁期间分别下降了 70.79%和 43.53%。德里、班加罗尔、海得拉巴和加尔各答的健康风险指数最大降幅分别为 41%、31%、17%和 19%。与 2019 年相比，班加罗尔在 EP、癌症风险、慢性 HI 方面的降幅最大，分别为 66.66%、58.62%和 58.76%。在所有城市中，2020 年科尔特拉巴的 AP 降幅最大，为 57.23%。本文深入探讨了这些下降指数与空气污染物之间的关系。本研究通过将各种空气污染方面联系和融合到一个单一的尺度上，更深入地了解了空气污染对环境和健康参数的影响。本研究还强调了控制空气污染以拥有更好的环境和健康生活，从而实现可持续发展的重要性。
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