Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 26;22(5):2321. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052321.
Teneurins have been identified in vertebrates as four different genes (TENM1-4), coding for membrane proteins that are mainly involved in embryonic and neuronal development. Genetic studies have correlated them with various diseases, including developmental problems, neurological disorders and congenital general anosmia. There is some evidence to suggest their possible involvement in cancer initiation and progression, and drug resistance. Indeed, mutations, chromosomal alterations and the deregulation of teneurins expression have been associated with several tumor types and patient survival. However, the role of teneurins in cancer-related regulatory networks is not fully understood, as both a tumor-suppressor role and pro-tumoral functions have been proposed, depending on tumor histotype. Here, we summarize and discuss the literature data on teneurins expression and their potential role in different tumor types, while highlighting the possibility of using teneurins as novel molecular diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as targets for cancer treatments, such as immunotherapy, in some tumors.
腱膜蛋白在脊椎动物中被鉴定为四个不同的基因（TENM1-4），它们编码的膜蛋白主要参与胚胎和神经元的发育。遗传研究将它们与多种疾病相关联，包括发育问题、神经紊乱和先天性全身性嗅觉缺失。有一些证据表明它们可能参与癌症的发生和进展以及耐药性。事实上，突变、染色体改变和腱膜蛋白表达的失调与几种肿瘤类型和患者的生存有关。然而，腱膜蛋白在癌症相关的调控网络中的作用还不完全清楚，因为根据肿瘤的组织类型，它既可以起到肿瘤抑制因子的作用，也可以起到促肿瘤的作用。在这里，我们总结和讨论了关于腱膜蛋白表达及其在不同肿瘤类型中潜在作用的文献数据，同时强调了将腱膜蛋白作为新型分子诊断和预后生物标志物以及作为某些肿瘤的免疫治疗等癌症治疗靶点的可能性。
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