《65 岁及以上成年人的驾驶许可法与出行和搭载乘客行为的关系（美国，2003-2017 年）》。
The Associations Between Older Driver Licensure Laws with Travel and Passenger Behaviors Among Adults Aged 65 Years or Older (United States, 2003-2017).
机构信息
The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 25;18(5):2251. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052251.
INTRODUCTION
The aging population has been rapidly growing in the United States (U.S.). In line with this trend, older adults' mobility and transportation safety are an increasing priority. Many states have implemented driver licensure laws specific to older adults to limit driving among the elderly with driving skill decline. Evaluations of these laws have primarily focused on their safety benefits related to older drivers' fatal crash rate or injury rate. However, very few studies investigated licensure law effects on older adults' mobility.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of our study is to evaluate the association between older driver licensure laws and older adult daily traveling and passenger exposure.
METHODS
The 2003-2017 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data were linked with statewide driver licensure law provisions. Adults aged 55-64 years were used as the reference group to control for the effects of non-licensure-law factors (e.g., economic trend). We used modified Poisson regressions with robust variance to estimate the relationships between licensure law provisions and the likelihoods of older men and women's daily traveling and passenger behaviors.
RESULTS
Laws requiring a vision test at in-person renewal were associated with increased daily traveling likelihood for women aged 75 years or older, primarily as a passenger. Laws requiring a knowledge test were related to a reduced daily overall traveling likelihood for women aged 75 years or older.
CONCLUSIONS
In general, licensure law provisions are not strongly related to older adults' mobility, in particular for older male adults. Older female adults' daily mobility may be more likely to be influenced by the change of licensure laws than older male adults. The existence of gender-based disparities in responding to licensure laws requires future studies to account for the gender difference in estimating the effects of those traffic policies on older adults' mobility and traffic safety.
简介
美国的人口老龄化速度正在加快。与这一趋势相一致，老年人的行动能力和交通安全性成为越来越重要的优先事项。许多州都针对老年人实施了特定的驾照法规，以限制因驾驶技能下降而开车的老年人。这些法规的评估主要集中在与老年司机致命车祸率或受伤率相关的安全效益上。然而，很少有研究调查驾照法规对老年人机动性的影响。
目的
我们的研究目的是评估老年驾驶员驾照法规与老年成人日常出行和乘客暴露之间的关系。
方法
将 2003-2017 年美国时间使用调查（ATUS）数据与全州范围内的驾驶员许可法规定联系起来。将 55-64 岁的成年人作为参考组，以控制非许可法因素（例如经济趋势）的影响。我们使用修正后的泊松回归模型和稳健方差来估计许可法规定与老年男性和女性日常出行和乘客行为的可能性之间的关系。
结果
需要在现场更新时进行视力测试的法律与 75 岁或以上女性作为乘客日常出行的可能性增加有关。需要知识测试的法律与 75 岁或以上女性日常整体出行可能性降低有关。
结论
一般来说，驾照法规与老年人的机动性没有很强的关系，特别是对于老年男性成年人。与老年男性成年人相比，女性老年人的日常机动性可能更容易受到驾照法规变化的影响。在回应驾照法规方面存在基于性别的差异，这要求未来的研究在估计这些交通政策对老年人机动性和交通安全的影响时考虑到性别差异。
Zotero 插件