Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Graduate School of Education, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 21;18(4):2104. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18042104.
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly escalated to a global pandemic. To control the rate of transmission, governments advocated that the public practice social distancing, which included staying at home. However, compliance with stay-at-home orders has varied between countries such as China and the United States, and little is known about the mechanisms underlying the national differences. Based on the health belief model, the theory of reasoned action, and the technology acceptance model, health beliefs and behavioral intention are suggested as possible explanations. A total of 498 Chinese and 292 American college students were recruited to complete an online survey. The structural equation modeling results showed that health beliefs (i.e., perceived susceptibility, severity, and barriers) and behavioral intention played multiple mediating roles in the association between nationality and actual stay-at-home behaviors. Notably, the effect via perceived barriers → behavioral intention was stronger than the effects via perceived susceptibility and severity → behavioral intention. That is, American participants perceived high levels of susceptibility whereas Chinese participants perceived high levels of severity, especially few barriers, which further led to increased behavioral intention and more frequent stay-at-home behaviors. These findings not only facilitate a comprehensive understanding of cross-country differences in compliance with stay-at-home orders during peaks in the COVID-19 pandemic but also lend support for mitigation of the current global crisis and future disease prevention and health promotion efforts.
新型冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）迅速升级为全球大流行。为了控制传播速度，政府倡导公众保持社交距离，包括待在家中。然而，中、美等国对居家令的遵守程度存在差异，对于导致这些国家差异的机制知之甚少。基于健康信念模型、理性行为理论和技术接受模型，健康信念和行为意向被认为是可能的解释。共招募了 498 名中国和 292 名美国大学生完成在线调查。结构方程模型的结果表明，健康信念（即感知易感性、严重性和障碍）和行为意向在国籍与实际居家行为之间的关系中发挥了多重中介作用。值得注意的是，感知障碍→行为意向的作用大于感知易感性和严重性→行为意向的作用。也就是说，美国参与者感知到较高的易感性，而中国参与者感知到较高的严重性，尤其是感知到较少的障碍，这进一步导致了更高的行为意向和更频繁的居家行为。这些发现不仅有助于全面了解 COVID-19 大流行高峰期各国对居家令的遵守情况的差异，也为缓解当前的全球危机以及未来的疾病预防和健康促进工作提供了支持。
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