Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Nihonkoku 403-1, Daihoji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0013, Japan.
Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Endo 5322, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan.
Biomolecules. 2021 Apr 12;11(4):563. doi: 10.3390/biom11040563.
Spider silk is a natural fiber with remarkable strength, toughness, and elasticity that is attracting attention as a biomaterial of the future. Golden orb-weaving spiders () construct large, strong webs using golden threads. To characterize the pigment of golden dragline silk, we used liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric analysis. We found that the major pigment in the golden dragline silk of was xanthurenic acid. To investigate the possible function of the pigment, we tested the effect of xanthurenic acid on bacterial growth using gram-negative and gram-positive . We found that xanthurenic acid had a slight antibacterial effect. Furthermore, to investigate the UV tolerance of the threads bleached of their golden color, we conducted tensile deformation tests and scanning electron microscope observations. However, in these experiments, no significant effect was observed. We therefore speculate that golden orb-weaving spiders use the pigment for other purposes, such as to attract their prey in the sunlight.
蜘蛛丝是一种具有优异强度、韧性和弹性的天然纤维，作为未来的生物材料备受关注。金黄圆网蛛 () 利用金色蛛丝织出大型、坚固的蛛网。为了研究金黄圆网蛛拖丝色素的特征，我们使用液相色谱和质谱分析进行了研究。我们发现，金黄圆网蛛拖丝中的主要色素是黄嘌呤酸。为了研究色素的可能功能，我们用革兰氏阴性菌 和革兰氏阳性菌 测试了黄嘌呤酸对细菌生长的影响。我们发现黄嘌呤酸具有轻微的抑菌作用。此外，为了研究失去金色后的蛛网纤维的耐紫外线能力，我们进行了拉伸变形测试和扫描电子显微镜观察。然而，在这些实验中，没有观察到显著影响。因此，我们推测金黄圆网蛛可能将色素用于吸引猎物等其他目的，因为在阳光下它们的颜色更为醒目。
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