Min Li, Fink-Gremmels Johanna, Li Dagang, Tong Xiong, Tang Jing, Nan Xuemei, Yu Zhongtang, Chen Weidong, Wang Gang
State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Anim Nutr. 2021 Mar;7(1):42-48. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.002. Epub 2021 Jan 5.
Milk is considered a perfect natural food for humans and animals. However, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminating the feeds fed to lactating dairy cows can introduce aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), the main toxic metabolite of aflatoxins into the milk, consequently posing a risk to human health. As a result of AFM1 monitoring in raw milk worldwide, it is evident that high AFM1 concentrations exist in raw milk in many countries. Thus, the incidence of AFM1 in milk from dairy cows should not be underestimated. To further optimize the intervention strategies, it is necessary to better understand the metabolism of AFB1 and its biotransformation into AFM1 and the specific secretion pathways in lactating dairy cows. The metabolism of AFB1 and its biotransformation into AFM1 in lactating dairy cows are drawn in this review. Furthermore, recent data provide evidence that in the mammary tissue of lactating dairy cows, aflatoxins significantly increase the activity of a protein, ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2 (ABCG2), an efflux transporter known to facilitate the excretion of various xenobiotics and veterinary drugs into milk. Further research should focus on identifying and understanding the factors that affect the expression of ABCG2 in the mammary gland of cows.
牛奶被认为是人类和动物的完美天然食物。然而，污染泌乳奶牛饲料的黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）会将黄曲霉毒素的主要有毒代谢产物黄曲霉毒素M1（AFM1）引入牛奶中，从而对人类健康构成风险。对全球生牛奶中AFM1的监测结果表明，许多国家的生牛奶中存在高浓度的AFM1。因此，奶牛产奶中AFM1的发生率不容小觑。为了进一步优化干预策略，有必要更好地了解AFB1的代谢及其向AFM1的生物转化以及泌乳奶牛中的特定分泌途径。本综述绘制了泌乳奶牛中AFB1的代谢及其向AFM1的生物转化过程。此外，最近的数据表明，在泌乳奶牛的乳腺组织中，黄曲霉毒素显著增加了一种蛋白质——ATP结合盒超家族G成员2（ABCG2）的活性，ABCG2是一种外排转运蛋白，已知可促进各种外源性物质和兽药排入牛奶。进一步的研究应集中在识别和了解影响奶牛乳腺中ABCG2表达的因素上。
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