坦桑尼亚南部高地地区青少年的残疾状况和多维个人幸福感：一项横断面研究的结果。
Disability status and multi-dimensional personal well-being among adolescents in the Southern Highlands Region of Tanzania: results of a cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.
Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2021 May 20;11(5):e044077. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044077.
OBJECTIVE
Examine how disability status among adolescents is associated with the following domains of personal well-being: schooling, livelihoods, health, violence and psychosocial well-being. It is hypothesised that adolescents with a disability will have greater deficits in these areas of well-being compared with their healthier counterparts.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional data from 2018 were obtained from the second round of an on-going study of adolescents living in poor households in two regions of the Southern Highlands of Tanzania (Iringa and Mbeya). We use the Washington Group (WG) Short Set indicators to measure disability and undertook logistic and linear multivariate regressions to understand the association between disability and the outcomes of interest.
PARTICIPANTS
The sample included 2274 participants aged 15-20 years living in households participating in a government social protection programme targeted to households living in extreme poverty.
RESULTS
Overall, 310 participants (14%) were classified as having disabilities. Outcomes not associated with disability status included literacy, schooling, livelihoods and self-efficacy. Adolescents with disabilities were less likely to report good or very good health (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.39, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.52) and had increased odds of reporting depressive symptoms in (aOR=1.46, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.90), emotional violence (aOR=2.18, 95% CI 1.49 to 3.20) and physical violence (aOR=1.71, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.59), compared with those without disabilities. Reports of depression were higher among men, and violence was more prevalent among women. Patterns of association were generally similar between men and women, although the association of disability with markers of well-being reached statistical significance more often among men.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights areas where adolescents with disabilities are falling behind their peers in terms of personal well-being. These findings suggest that interventions may be needed to mainstream disability in programmes and policies aiming to improve well-being, mental health and violence prevention among adolescents.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR201804003008116).
目的
探讨青少年的残疾状况与其以下个人福祉领域之间的关系：受教育程度、生计、健康、暴力和心理社会福祉。假设残疾青少年在这些福祉领域的缺陷将比他们健康的同龄人更大。
设计
2018 年的横断面数据来自坦桑尼亚南部高地两个地区（伊林加和姆贝亚）贫困家庭中青少年正在进行的第二轮研究。我们使用华盛顿小组（WG）短集指标来衡量残疾，并进行逻辑和线性多元回归，以了解残疾与相关结果之间的关系。
参与者
该样本包括 2274 名年龄在 15-20 岁之间的参与者，他们居住在参与政府社会保护计划的家庭中，该计划针对生活在极端贫困中的家庭。
结果
总体而言，310 名参与者（14%）被归类为残疾。与残疾状况无关的结果包括读写能力、受教育程度、生计和自我效能。与无残疾者相比，残疾青少年报告健康状况良好或非常好的可能性较小（调整后的比值比（aOR）=0.39，95%CI 0.29 至 0.52），报告抑郁症状的可能性更高（aOR=1.46，95%CI 1.11 至 1.90），情绪暴力（aOR=2.18，95%CI 1.49 至 3.20）和身体暴力（aOR=1.71，95%CI 1.13 至 2.59）。男性报告的抑郁症状较高，而女性的暴力行为更为普遍。男性和女性的关联模式总体相似，尽管残疾与幸福感标志物之间的关联在男性中更为显著。
结论
本研究强调了残疾青少年在个人福祉方面落后于同龄人。这些发现表明，可能需要干预措施，将残疾纳入旨在改善青少年福祉、心理健康和预防暴力的方案和政策主流。
试验注册
泛非临床试验注册处（PACTR201804003008116）。
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