Darabi Zahra, Sangouni Abbas Ali, Darand Mina, Vasmehjani Azam Ahmadi, Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2022 Mar;76(3):456-461. doi: 10.1038/s41430-021-00952-z. Epub 2021 Jun 10.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common behavioral disorder among children. Based on literature, it has been hypothesized that the higher intake of rich sources of phytochemicals may be inversely related to the risk of ADHD. We investigated the association of dietary phytochemical index (DPI) with odds of ADHD.
This case-control study was conducted on 360 children and adolescents 7-13 years old in Yazd, Iran. Subjects were categorized into the case (n = 120) and control groups (n = 240) based on matching age and sex. To diagnose ADHD, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSMIV-TR) was used. Food frequency questionnaire was used to measure food intake. DPI was calculated by percent of daily energy intake from phytochemical-rich foods. The association of DPI with the odds ratio of ADHD was examined by logistic regression.
Subjects in the highest quartile of DPI have higher intake of macronutrient, eicosatetraenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, calcium, zinc, iron, vitamins B12, B6, and folic acid compared to lowest quartile. After adjusting for potential confounders, subjects in the highest quartile of DPI compared with subjects in the lowest quartile showed a lower risk of ADHD (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.18-0.90). There was a significant decreasing trend in the odds of ADHD across increasing quartile of DPI (P for trend: 0.02).
We found that higher DPI score is associated with lower risk of ADHD in children. Cohort and clinical studies are necessary to approve our results.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是儿童中常见的行为障碍。根据文献推测，富含植物化学物质的食物摄入量较高可能与ADHD风险呈负相关。我们调查了饮食植物化学指数（DPI）与ADHD患病几率之间的关联。
本病例对照研究在伊朗亚兹德的360名7至13岁的儿童和青少年中进行。根据年龄和性别匹配，将受试者分为病例组（n = 120）和对照组（n = 240）。采用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSMIV - TR）诊断ADHD。使用食物频率问卷来测量食物摄入量。DPI通过富含植物化学物质食物的每日能量摄入量百分比来计算。通过逻辑回归分析DPI与ADHD比值比之间的关联。
与最低四分位数的受试者相比，DPI最高四分位数的受试者对常量营养素、二十碳四烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、钙、锌、铁、维生素B12、B6和叶酸的摄入量更高。在调整潜在混杂因素后，DPI最高四分位数的受试者与最低四分位数的受试者相比，ADHD风险较低（比值比：0.44；95%置信区间：0.18 - 0.90）。随着DPI四分位数的增加，ADHD的患病几率有显著下降趋势（趋势P值：0.02）。
我们发现较高的DPI得分与儿童较低的ADHD风险相关。需要进行队列研究和临床研究来证实我们的结果。
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