Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.
Laboratory of Cell Culture and Cytogenetics, Environmental Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2021 Jun 17;16(6):e0251200. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251200. eCollection 2021.
Fluoride (F) is a naturally exists in nature but several studies have indicated it as an environmental toxicant to all leaving beings. Human F exposure has increased over the years since this ion has been used by industry on foods, beverages, toothpastes and on water supply. Although F is safe at optimal concentrations in water supply, human exposure to high levels could trigger neurofunctional deficits.
In this study, human glial-like (U87) and neuronal-like (IMR-32) cells lineages were used to access F toxicity and CNS cell sensibility on both cell facing the same protocol. Cells were exposed to F over 3, 5 and 10 days on two different F concentrations. Fluoride exposed cells were evaluated by standard toxicity assays to cell viability, apoptosis, necrosis and general cell metabolism. Oxidative stress parameters were evaluated by ATP and ROS levels, lipid peroxidation, GSH/GSSG ratio and comet assay.
No changes were observed in IMR-32 at any given time while after 10 days of exposure to 0.22μg/mL, U87 glial-like cells showed signs of toxicity such as decreased cell viability by necrosis while general cell metabolism was increased. Oxidative stress parameters were next evaluated only on U87 glial-like cells after 10 days of exposure. F induced a decrease on ATP levels while no changes were observed on reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased followed by DNA damage both on 0.22μg/mL F.
Our results suggest an important differential behavior of the distinct types of cells exposed to the different fluoride concentrations, pointing that the U87 glial-like cells as more susceptible to damage triggered by this ion.
氟（F）是一种天然存在于自然界中的物质，但有几项研究表明，它对所有生物都是一种环境毒物。由于该离子已被工业用于食品、饮料、牙膏和供水，因此多年来人类接触氟的情况有所增加。尽管在供水的最佳浓度下 F 是安全的，但人类接触高水平的 F 可能会引发神经功能缺陷。
在这项研究中，使用人神经胶质样（U87）和神经元样（IMR-32）细胞系来评估 F 毒性和中枢神经系统细胞对两种细胞暴露于相同方案的敏感性。细胞在两种不同的 F 浓度下暴露于 F 超过 3、5 和 10 天。通过标准毒性测定法评估暴露于 F 的细胞的细胞活力、细胞凋亡、坏死和一般细胞代谢。通过 ATP 和 ROS 水平、脂质过氧化、GSH/GSSG 比和彗星试验评估氧化应激参数。
在任何给定时间，IMR-32 均未观察到变化，而在暴露于 0.22μg/mL 10 天后，U87 神经胶质样细胞表现出毒性迹象，如坏死导致细胞活力下降，而一般细胞代谢增加。仅在暴露于 F 10 天后才对 U87 神经胶质样细胞评估氧化应激参数。F 诱导 ATP 水平降低，而活性氧和脂质过氧化没有变化。GSH/GSSG 比值降低，随后在 0.22μg/mL F 下观察到 DNA 损伤。
我们的结果表明，不同类型的细胞对不同氟浓度的暴露表现出重要的差异行为，表明 U87 神经胶质样细胞对这种离子引起的损伤更敏感。
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