Department of Orthodontics, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
J Orofac Orthop. 2022 Jan;83(1):59-72. doi: 10.1007/s00056-021-00317-y. Epub 2021 Jul 6.
Gummetal® (Maruemu Works, Osaka, Japan), a new orthodontic wire material successfully used in clinical applications since 2006, is biocompatible and exhibits exceptionally high elasticity, nonlinear elastic behavior, plasticity and strength. Systematic comparisons of friction behavior are lacking; thus, the friction of Gummetal® in the binding modus was compared to commonly used low friction wires.
In vivo tests were run with Gummetal®, CoCr (cobalt-chromium Elgiloy®, Rocky Mountain Orthodontics, Denver, CO, USA), β‑Ti (β-Titanium TMA®, Ormco, Orange, CA, USA), NiTi (nickel-titanium, NiTi-SE, Dentalline, Birkenfeld, Germany), and stainless steel (SS; Ref. 251-925, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) [dimensions: 0.014 inch (0.35 mm), 0.016 inch (0.40 mm), 0.016 × 0.022 inch (0.40 × 0.56 mm), and 0.019 × 0.025 inch (0.48 × 0.64 mm)-β-Ti not available in the dimension 0.014 inch]. These were combined with Discovery® (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany), Micro Sprint® (Forestadent, Pforzheim, Germany), Clarity™ (3M Unitek), and Inspire Ice™ (Ormco) and slots in the dimension 0.022 inch (0.56 mm) and, except for the 0.019 × 0.025 inch wires, in the dimension 0.018 inch (0.46 mm). They were ligated with a 0.010 inch (0.25 mm) steel ligature (Smile Dental, Ratingen, Germany). Brackets were angulated by applying a moment of force of 10 Nmm against the wire, which was pulled through the slot at 0.2 mm/s.
In 660 tests using 132 bracket-wire combinations, friction loss for Gummetal® was comparable to and, in a few combinations with Micro Sprint®, significantly lower (p < 0.05) than SS and CoCr. The friction for Gummetal® was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than NiTi, and β‑Ti. In some bracket-wire combinations, lower friction was found with round wires compared to rectangular wires, except for the combination with Inspire Ice™, which was higher but not significant. Slot size did not have a significant effect on friction in most combinations.
The low friction associated with Gummetal® wires during arch-guided tooth movement will be a valuable addition to the armamentarium of orthodontists.
Gummetal®（丸美制作所，大阪，日本）是一种新型的正畸丝材料，自 2006 年以来成功应用于临床，具有生物相容性和极高的弹性、非线性弹性行为、塑性和强度。缺乏对摩擦行为的系统比较；因此，将 Gummetal®在结扎模式下的摩擦与常用的低摩擦丝进行了比较。
使用 Gummetal®、CoCr（钴铬 Elgiloy®，落基山正畸，丹佛，科罗拉多州，美国）、β-Ti（β-钛 TMA®，Ormco，橙，加利福尼亚州）、NiTi（镍钛，NiTi-SE，登塔林，比肯费尔德，德国）和不锈钢（SS；Ref. 251-925，3M Unitek，莫罗利亚，加利福尼亚州）[尺寸：0.014 英寸（0.35 毫米）、0.016 英寸（0.40 毫米）、0.016×0.022 英寸（0.40×0.56 毫米）和 0.019×0.025 英寸（0.48×0.64 毫米）-β-Ti 尺寸为 0.014 英寸不可用]。这些与 Discovery®（登塔伦，伊斯林根，德国）、Micro Sprint®（福斯塔登特，普福尔茨海姆，德国）、Clarity™（3M Unitek）和 Inspire Ice™（Ormco）结合使用，槽宽为 0.022 英寸（0.56 毫米），除了 0.019×0.025 英寸的丝外，槽宽为 0.018 英寸（0.46 毫米）。它们用 0.010 英寸（0.25 毫米）的钢结扎丝（Smile Dental，拉廷根，德国）结扎。在施加 10 Nmm 的力矩以抵抗丝的情况下对托槽进行成角，丝以 0.2mm/s 的速度穿过槽。
在使用 132 个托槽-丝组合的 660 次测试中，Gummetal®的摩擦损耗与 SS 和 CoCr 相当，在与 Micro Sprint®的一些组合中，Gummetal®的摩擦损耗显著降低（p<0.05）。Gummetal®的摩擦明显低于 NiTi 和β-Ti。在一些托槽-丝组合中，与矩形丝相比，圆形丝的摩擦较小，但 Inspire Ice™除外，其摩擦较大，但不显著。在大多数组合中，槽宽对摩擦没有显著影响。
在弓丝引导牙齿移动过程中，Gummetal®丝的低摩擦将是正畸医生的宝贵工具。
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