埃塞俄比亚东北部囚犯中的乙型和丙型肝炎病毒感染及相关因素
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viral Infections and Associated Factors Among Prisoners in Northeast Ethiopia.
作者信息
Kassa Yeshimebet, Million Yihenew, Biset Sirak, Moges Feleke
机构信息
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
出版信息
J Blood Med. 2021 Jul 5;12:561-570. doi: 10.2147/JBM.S314556. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver and often caused by viruses. Hepatitis viruses are the leading causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with Hepatitis B and C viruses share the great majority. Studies have shown that prison settings are one of the high-risk environments for the transmission of these viruses. However, there is limited information on the seroprevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B and C viral infection among Ethiopian prisoners.
METHODS
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 339 prisoners in Dessie town, Ethiopia from February to April 2020. Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody against hepatitis C virus in serum were determined using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. We imputed the data using "EpiData 3.1" software and exported it to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 for analysis, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
The overall seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus among prisoners was 22/339 (6.5%) (95% CI = 3.8-9.4), and 4/339 (1.2%) (95% CI = 0.0-2.4), respectively. Multiple sexual partners, previous imprisonment, body tattooing, and contact with the jaundiced patient were independently associated with hepatitis B virus infection. Prisoners who had a history of blood transfusion, and dental extraction were independently associated with hepatitis C virus infection.
CONCLUSION
The seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viral infection among Dessie town prisoners was intermediate and low, respectively. The finding of a significant association between the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibodies among prisoners and factors calls for the need of serological testing for both Hepatitis B and C viruses to high-risk individuals. Strengthening screening strategies and prevention programs in prison settings is advisable to prevent disease transmission.
背景
肝炎是肝脏的炎症，通常由病毒引起。肝炎病毒是全球肝脏相关发病和死亡的主要原因，其中乙型和丙型肝炎病毒占绝大多数。研究表明，监狱环境是这些病毒传播的高风险环境之一。然而，关于埃塞俄比亚囚犯中乙型和丙型肝炎病毒感染的血清流行率及相关因素的信息有限。
方法
2020年2月至4月，在埃塞俄比亚德西镇的339名囚犯中进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定血清中的乙型肝炎表面抗原和丙型肝炎病毒抗体。我们使用“EpiData 3.1”软件对数据进行估算，并将其导出到社会科学统计软件包20.0进行分析，p值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
结果
囚犯中乙型肝炎表面抗原和抗丙型肝炎病毒的总体血清流行率分别为22/339（6.5%）（95%CI = 3.8-9.4）和4/339（1.2%）（95%CI = 0.0-2.4）。多个性伴侣、既往入狱史、身体纹身以及与黄疸患者接触与乙型肝炎病毒感染独立相关。有输血史和拔牙史的囚犯与丙型肝炎病毒感染独立相关。
结论
德西镇囚犯中乙型和丙型肝炎病毒感染的血清流行率分别为中等和低水平。囚犯中乙型肝炎表面抗原和丙型肝炎病毒抗体的存在与相关因素之间存在显著关联，这一发现表明需要对高危个体进行乙型和丙型肝炎病毒的血清学检测。建议加强监狱环境中的筛查策略和预防项目，以防止疾病传播。
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