Yang Lei, Luo Jianchen, Song Xiaowei, Li Menglong, Wen Pengwei, Xiong Zixiang
School of Electronic and Information, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China.
Dongjing Avenue Campus, Kaifeng University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
Entropy (Basel). 2021 Jul 17;23(7):910. doi: 10.3390/e23070910.
A robust vehicle speed measurement system based on feature information fusion for vehicle multi-characteristic detection is proposed in this paper. A vehicle multi-characteristic dataset is constructed. With this dataset, seven CNN-based modern object detection algorithms are trained for vehicle multi-characteristic detection. The FPN-based YOLOv4 is selected as the best vehicle multi-characteristic detection algorithm, which applies feature information fusion of different scales with both rich high-level semantic information and detailed low-level location information. The YOLOv4 algorithm is improved by combing with the attention mechanism, in which the residual module in YOLOv4 is replaced by the ECA channel attention module with cross channel interaction. An improved ECA-YOLOv4 object detection algorithm based on both feature information fusion and cross channel interaction is proposed, which improves the performance of YOLOv4 for vehicle multi-characteristic detection and reduces the model parameter size and FLOPs as well. A multi-characteristic fused speed measurement system based on license plate, logo, and light is designed accordingly. The system performance is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the speed measurement error rate of the proposed system meets the requirement of the China national standard GB/T 21555-2007 in which the speed measurement error rate should be less than 6%. The proposed system can efficiently enhance the vehicle speed measurement accuracy and effectively improve the vehicle speed measurement robustness.
本文提出了一种基于特征信息融合的鲁棒车辆速度测量系统,用于车辆多特征检测。构建了一个车辆多特征数据集。利用该数据集,训练了七种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的现代目标检测算法用于车辆多特征检测。基于特征金字塔网络(FPN)的YOLOv4被选为最佳的车辆多特征检测算法,它应用了不同尺度的特征信息融合,兼具丰富的高级语义信息和详细的低级位置信息。通过与注意力机制相结合对YOLOv4算法进行改进,其中将YOLOv4中的残差模块替换为具有跨通道交互的ECA通道注意力模块。提出了一种基于特征信息融合和跨通道交互的改进型ECA-YOLOv4目标检测算法,该算法提高了YOLOv4在车辆多特征检测方面的性能,同时减小了模型参数大小和浮点运算次数(FLOPs)。相应地设计了一种基于车牌、标志和灯光的多特征融合速度测量系统。通过实验验证了系统性能。实验结果表明,所提系统的测速误差率满足中国国家标准GB/T 21555-2007的要求,即测速误差率应小于6%。所提系统能够有效提高车辆速度测量精度并有效增强车辆速度测量的鲁棒性。