Ullman C
Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, MA 02181.
J Pers. 1987 Dec;55(4):583-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00453.x.
This study examined age-related trends in adolescents' view of sincerity and of honesty towards oneself. Subjects were 84 high school students in grades 8 to 12 (age range 12-18). Semistructured interviews with preplanned probes were used and analyzed using content categories reflecting different emphases on disclosing "facts" versus internal events (for sincerity) and on recognizing conflicts with others versus recognizing internal divisions (for honesty towards oneself). Results indicate clear age trends on these two dimensions and a close association between them. The age trends suggest that for the younger adolescent, being "genuine" consists mainly in disclosing facts that are in principle accessible to others. For the older adolescent, being genuine more frequently implies recognizing and expressing one's "true" nature. The findings are discussed both in light of recent research on the development of self-understanding and as challenging traditional paradigms of studying the self.
本研究考察了青少年对真诚及对自身诚实的看法中与年龄相关的趋势。研究对象为84名8至12年级的高中生（年龄范围12 - 18岁）。采用了带有预先计划好的追问的半结构化访谈，并运用反映在披露“事实”与内部事件（针对真诚）以及在认识与他人的冲突与认识内心分歧（针对对自身诚实）上不同侧重点的内容类别进行分析。结果表明在这两个维度上存在明显的年龄趋势，且二者之间联系紧密。年龄趋势表明，对于较年轻的青少年而言，“真诚”主要在于披露原则上他人能够知晓的事实。对于年龄较大的青少年来说，真诚更常意味着认识并表达自己的“真实”本性。研究结果将根据近期关于自我理解发展的研究进行讨论，并对研究自我的传统范式提出挑战。
