University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2022 Aug;48(8):1269-1283. doi: 10.1177/01461672211038450. Epub 2021 Aug 18.
Williams's need-threat model proposes that ostracism responses are reflexive and, because of their evolutionary significance, difficult to diminish. Alcohol is widely consumed in social contexts and for reasons of coping with social stress, and major theories of alcohol propose that intoxication disrupts cognitive appraisal of environmental threats, leading to stress relief. Surprisingly, though, no well-powered experimental research has examined the impact of alcohol intoxication on distress from social ostracism. In three studies across two independent laboratories ( = 438), participants were randomly assigned to receive either an alcoholic or nonalcoholic (i.e., no-alcohol control or placebo) beverage and were exposed to an ostracism (or social inclusion) manipulation. Results, which emerged as remarkably consistent across all studies, indicated strong and consistent effects of ostracism on mood and needs satisfaction among both intoxicated and sober participants. Findings have important implications for ostracism theory and speak to boundary conditions for alcohol's ability to relieve stress.
威廉姆斯的需求威胁模型提出,被排斥的反应是反射性的,由于其进化意义,很难减少。酒精在社交场合广泛消费,并且出于应对社交压力的原因,酒精的主要理论提出,醉酒会破坏对环境威胁的认知评估,从而缓解压力。但令人惊讶的是,没有经过充分验证的实验研究考察了酒精中毒对社交排斥引起的痛苦的影响。在两个独立实验室的三项研究中(n = 438),参与者被随机分配接受含酒精或不含酒精的(即无酒精对照或安慰剂)饮料,并接受排斥(或社会包容)操作。结果在所有研究中都惊人地一致,表明排斥对醉酒和清醒参与者的情绪和需求满足都有强烈而一致的影响。这些发现对排斥理论具有重要意义,并说明了酒精缓解压力的能力的边界条件。