Faculty of Science, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia.
PhD Program of Health Science, Universidad Antonio Nariño (UAN), Bogotá 110231, Colombia.
Pathog Dis. 2021 Sep 6;79(7). doi: 10.1093/femspd/ftab043.
Mosquitoes are the most crucial insects in public health due to their vector capacity and competence to transmit pathogens, including arboviruses, bacterias and parasites. Re-emerging and emerging arboviral diseases, such as yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), constitute one of the most critical health public concerns in Latin America. These diseases present a significant incidence within the human settlements increasing morbidity and mortality events. Likewise, among the different genus of mosquito vectors of arboviruses, those of the most significant medical importance corresponds to Aedes and Culex. In Latin America, the mosquito vector species of YFV, DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV are mainly Aedes aegypti and Ae. Albopictus. Ae. aegypti is recognized as the primary vector in urban environments, whereas Ae. albopictus, recently introduced in the Americas, is more prone to rural settings. This minireview focuses on what is known about the epidemiological impact of mosquito-borne diseases in Latin American countries, with particular emphasis on YFV, DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV, vector mosquitoes, geographic distribution, and vector-arbovirus interactions. Besides, it was analyzed how climate change and social factors have influenced the spread of arboviruses and the control strategies developed against mosquitoes in this continent.
蚊子是公共卫生领域最重要的昆虫，因为它们具有传播病原体的媒介能力和能力，包括虫媒病毒、细菌和寄生虫。黄热病病毒（YFV）、登革热病毒（DENV）、寨卡病毒（ZIKV）和基孔肯雅热病毒（CHIKV）等重新出现和新出现的虫媒病毒病是拉丁美洲最关键的公共卫生关注之一。这些疾病在人类住区发病率很高，增加了发病率和死亡率事件。同样，在虫媒病毒的不同属蚊子中，具有最重要医学意义的蚊子属是埃及伊蚊和库蚊。在拉丁美洲，YFV、DENV、ZIKV 和 CHIKV 的蚊子病媒主要是埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊。埃及伊蚊被认为是城市环境中的主要媒介，而最近在美洲引入的白纹伊蚊更容易在农村地区传播。这篇小型综述重点介绍了拉丁美洲国家蚊媒病的流行病学影响，特别是 YFV、DENV、ZIKV 和 CHIKV、病媒蚊子、地理分布和媒介-虫媒病毒相互作用。此外，还分析了气候变化和社会因素如何影响虫媒病毒的传播以及针对该大陆蚊子的控制策略。
