无人陪伴未成年人的国际迁移：趋势、健康风险和法律保护。
International migration of unaccompanied minors: trends, health risks, and legal protection.
机构信息
Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, UK.
Harvard FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
出版信息
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2021 Dec;5(12):882-895. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00194-2. Epub 2021 Aug 18.
The global population of unaccompanied minors-children and adolescents younger than 18 years who migrate without their legal guardians-is increasing. However, as data are not systematically collected in any region, if collected at all, little is known about this diverse group of young people. Compared with adult migrants, unaccompanied minors are at greater risk of harm to their health and integrity because they do not have the protection provided by a family, which can affect their short-term and long-term health. This Review summarises evidence regarding the international migration and health of unaccompanied minors. Unaccompanied minors are entitled to protection that should follow their best interests as a primary consideration; however, detention, sometimes under the guise of protection, is a widespread practice. If these minors are provided with appropriate forms of protection, including health and psychosocial care, they can thrive and have good long-term outcomes. Instead, hostile immigration practices persist, which are not in the best interests of the child.
全球无人陪伴未成年人的数量不断增加——18 岁以下的儿童和青少年在没有法定监护人的情况下移民。然而，由于任何地区都没有系统地收集数据，如果有收集的话，对于这个多样化的年轻人群体也知之甚少。与成年移民相比，无人陪伴的未成年人更有可能受到伤害，因为他们没有家庭提供的保护，这会影响他们的短期和长期健康。本综述总结了有关无人陪伴未成年人国际移民和健康的证据。无人陪伴的未成年人有权获得保护，应将保护他们的最佳利益作为首要考虑因素；然而，拘留——有时是以保护为幌子——是一种普遍的做法。如果这些未成年人得到适当形式的保护，包括健康和心理社会关怀，他们可以茁壮成长并取得良好的长期成果。相反，敌对的移民做法仍然存在，这不符合儿童的最佳利益。
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