Ten-Year Changes in Bloodstream Infection With Complex in Intensive Care Units in Eastern China: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

There is little evidence on the changing prevalence, microbiological profile, and outcome of nosocomial complex (ABC)-caused bloodstream infection (ABCBSI) specified in intensive care units (ICUs) in long-term studies, especially in China. We aimed to investigate changes in incidence, antibiotic resistance, therapy, and prognosis of ABCBSI in ICUs in eastern China during 2009-2018. A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted, and microbiological and clinical data for patients with ABCBSI acquired in nine adult ICUs in eastern China from 2009 to 2018. A total of 202 cases were enrolled. For the years 2009-2010, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, and 2017-2018, the incidence of ABCBSI increased significantly, as did the percentage of pan-drug-resistant isolates and resistant rates to most of antimicrobial agents; the percentage of drug-sensitive isolates decreased (all < 0.05). The frequency of treatment with carbapenems and tigecycline increased, and that of cephalosporins decreased. Compared with those in the first years (2009-2012), ABCBSI patients in the lattermost years (2017-2018) were less often treated with appropriate empirical therapy, more often underwent pneumonia-related ABCBSI and mechanical ventilation support, and had higher 28-day mortality rates. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that increase in the degree of ABC antibiotics resistance, pneumonia-related ABCBSI, and septic shock were risk factors of 28-day mortality and associated with significant lower survival days. The past decade has witnessed a marked increase in the incidence of ABCBSI and in antibiotic resistance, with increasing pneumonia-related infections and worrisome mortality in ICUs in China. Controlling increasing resistance and preventing nosocomial pneumonia may play important roles in combatting these infections.