GLUTEN3S Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
Bioaraba, Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
Nutrients. 2021 Aug 21;13(8):2877. doi: 10.3390/nu13082877.
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the small intestine, whose only effective treatment is a gluten-free diet (GFD). It is characterized by the atrophy of the intestinal villi that leads to altered nutrient absorption. This study describes the nutritional imbalances which may be found in adults with CD following a GFD. During the first year of treatment, deficiencies will overcome as the intestinal mucosa recovers. Thus, biochemical data will show this progression, together with the decrease in symptoms. In contrast, in the long term, when a strict GFD is followed and mucosal recovery is achieved, analyzing nutrient intake makes more sense. Macronutrient consumption is characterized by its low complex carbohydrate and fiber intakes, and high fat (especially SFA) and sugar intakes. This profile has been related to the consumption of GFP and their nutritional composition, in addition to unbalanced dietary habits. The most notable deficiencies in micronutrients are usually those of iron, calcium and magnesium and vitamin D, E and some of group B. It is necessary to follow up patients with CD and to promote nutritional education among them, since it could help not only to achieve a gluten free but also a balanced diet.
乳糜泻（CD）是一种慢性小肠自身免疫性疾病，其唯一有效的治疗方法是无麸质饮食（GFD）。其特征是肠绒毛萎缩，导致营养吸收改变。本研究描述了遵循 GFD 的 CD 成人可能出现的营养失衡。在治疗的第一年，随着肠黏膜的恢复，缺乏症将得到克服。因此，生化数据将显示这种进展，以及症状的减轻。相比之下，在长期内，当遵循严格的 GFD 并实现黏膜恢复时，分析营养素的摄入量更有意义。宏量营养素的消耗特点是其低复合碳水化合物和纤维摄入量，以及高脂肪（尤其是 SFA）和糖摄入量。这种情况与 GFP 的消耗及其营养成分有关，此外还有饮食不平衡。微量营养素中最显著的缺乏通常是铁、钙和镁以及维生素 D、E 和一些 B 族维生素。有必要对 CD 患者进行随访，并在他们中间开展营养教育，因为这不仅有助于实现无麸质，而且有助于实现饮食均衡。
