在患有心血管代谢疾病风险的成年人中，较高烹饪剂量的草药和香料可改善 24 小时动态血压：一项随机、交叉、对照喂养研究。
Herbs and spices at a relatively high culinary dosage improves 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in adults at risk of cardiometabolic diseases: a randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding study.
机构信息
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
出版信息
Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Dec 1;114(6):1936-1948. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab291.
BACKGROUND
Intake of a single meal containing herbs and spices attenuates postprandial lipemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress, and improves endothelial function. There has been limited investigation of the effect of longer-term intake of mixed herbs and spices on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases.
OBJECTIVES
The objective was to assess the effect of an average American diet containing herbs and spices at 0.5 (low-spice diet; LSD), 3.3 (moderate-spice diet; MSD), and 6.6 (high-spice diet; HSD) g · d-1 · 2100 kcal-1 on lipids and lipoproteins as well as other risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases in at-risk adults.
METHODS
A 3-period, randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding study with 71 participants was conducted at the Pennsylvania State University. Each diet was consumed for 4 wk with a minimum 2-wk washout period. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and the end of each diet period.
RESULTS
No between-diet effects were observed for LDL cholesterol, the primary outcome. Between-diet differences were observed for mean 24-h systolic (P = 0.02) and diastolic (P = 0.005) ambulatory blood pressure. The HSD lowered mean 24-h systolic blood pressure compared with the MSD (-1.9 mm Hg; 95% CI: -3.6, -0.2 mm Hg; P = 0.02); the difference between the HSD and LSD was not statistically significant (-1.6 mm Hg; 95% CI: -3.3, 0.04 mm Hg; P = 0.058). The HSD lowered mean 24-h diastolic blood pressure compared with the LSD (-1.5 mm Hg; 95% CI: -2.5, -0.4 mm Hg; P = 0.003). No differences were detected between the LSD and MSD. No between-diet effects were observed for clinic-measured blood pressure, markers of glycemia, or vascular function.
CONCLUSIONS
In the context of a suboptimal US-style diet, addition of a relatively high culinary dosage of mixed herbs and spices (6.6 g · d-1 · 2100 kcal-1) tended to improve 24-h blood pressure after 4 wk, compared with lower dosages (0.5 and 3.3 g · d-1 · 2100 kcal-1), in adults at elevated risk of cardiometabolic diseases.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03064932.
背景
摄入一顿含有草药和香料的膳食可减轻餐后血脂、血糖和氧化应激，并改善内皮功能。然而，对于长期摄入混合草药和香料对心血管代谢疾病风险因素的影响，研究还很有限。
目的
本研究旨在评估含有 0.5（低辣饮食；LSD）、3.3（中辣饮食；MSD）和 6.6（高辣饮食；HSD）g·d-1·2100kcal-1 草药和香料的典型美餐对血脂和脂蛋白以及心血管代谢疾病高危成年人的其他风险因素的影响。
方法
在宾夕法尼亚州立大学进行了一项为期 3 期、随机、交叉、对照喂养研究，共纳入 71 名参与者。每位参与者分别摄入 4 周的试验饮食，每个周期之间有至少 2 周的洗脱期。在基线和每个饮食周期结束时评估结局。
结果
各组之间 LDL 胆固醇（主要结局）无差异。24 小时收缩压（P=0.02）和舒张压（P=0.005）的日间动态血压存在组间差异。与 MSD 相比，HSD 降低了 24 小时平均收缩压（-1.9mmHg；95%CI：-3.6，-0.2mmHg；P=0.02）；HSD 与 LSD 之间的差异无统计学意义（-1.6mmHg；95%CI：-3.3，0.04mmHg；P=0.058）。与 LSD 相比，HSD 降低了 24 小时平均舒张压（-1.5mmHg；95%CI：-2.5，-0.4mmHg；P=0.003）。LSD 与 MSD 之间无差异。诊所测量的血压、血糖标志物或血管功能方面，各组之间无差异。
结论
在不太理想的美国式饮食中，添加相对较高剂量（6.6g·d-1·2100kcal-1）的混合草药和香料（6.6g·d-1·2100kcal-1）与较低剂量（0.5 和 3.3g·d-1·2100kcal-1）相比，可改善成年人 4 周后 24 小时血压，这组成年人患有心血管代谢疾病的风险较高。本研究在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT03064932。
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