Plasticité du Cerveau CNRS UMR8249, École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Paris, France.
Neuroscience Paris Seine CNRS UMR 8246 INSERM U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
Front Neural Circuits. 2021 Sep 8;15:735625. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2021.735625. eCollection 2021.
Mesocorticolimbic dopamine circuity undergoes a protracted maturation during adolescent life. Stable adult levels of behavioral functioning in reward, motivational, and cognitive domains are established as these pathways are refined, however, their extended developmental window also leaves them vulnerable to perturbation by environmental factors. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying dopamine pathway development in the adolescent brain, and how the environment influences these processes to establish or disrupt neurocircuit diversity. We further integrate these recent studies into the larger historical framework of anatomical and neurochemical changes occurring during adolescence in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. While dopamine neuron heterogeneity is increasingly appreciated at molecular, physiological, and anatomical levels, we suggest that a developmental facet may play a key role in establishing vulnerability or resilience to environmental stimuli and experience in distinct dopamine circuits, shifting the balance between healthy brain development and susceptibility to psychiatric disease.
中脑边缘多巴胺回路在青少年时期经历了一个漫长的成熟过程。当这些通路得到完善时，奖赏、动机和认知领域的稳定成人行为水平就会建立起来，然而，它们延长的发育窗口也使它们容易受到环境因素的干扰。在这篇综述中，我们强调了理解青少年大脑中多巴胺通路发育的机制的最新进展，以及环境如何影响这些过程以建立或破坏神经回路多样性。我们进一步将这些最近的研究纳入到中脑边缘多巴胺系统在青少年时期发生的解剖学和神经化学变化的更大历史框架中。虽然多巴胺神经元的异质性在分子、生理和解剖学水平上越来越受到重视，但我们认为一个发育方面可能在确定不同多巴胺回路对环境刺激和经验的易感性或弹性方面发挥关键作用，从而改变健康大脑发育和易患精神疾病之间的平衡。
