照顾儿童癌症幸存者的人群对空气污染及其健康影响的认知和了解：一项定性研究。
Perceptions and knowledge of air pollution and its health effects among caregivers of childhood cancer survivors: a qualitative study.
机构信息
Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.
出版信息
BMC Cancer. 2021 Sep 30;21(1):1070. doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-08739-y.
BACKGROUND
Emerging research suggests that survivors of childhood and adolescent cancers are at risk for morbidity and mortality associated with air pollutants. However, caregiver perceptions of the effects of air pollution are unknown. Thus, to address this gap we described caregivers' perceptions of air pollution's impact on general population health and specifically on childhood cancer survivors, and caregivers' air pollution information-seeking and exposure reduction behaviors.
METHODS
Participants were Utah residents, ≥18 years, and caregiver of a childhood cancer survivor who had completed treatment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with caregivers to describe their perspectives on air quality, how air pollution impacts health (general population and survivor health), and their information seeking and exposure reduction behaviors. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through two rounds of structured coding.
RESULTS
Caregivers (N = 13) were non-Hispanic white and primarily females (92.3%) between 30 and 49 years old (46.2%). Most families lived within the Wasatch Front (69.2%), the main metropolitan of Utah. Two categories emerged pertaining to caregiver's perceptions of air pollution: 1) Limited awareness about the health effects of air pollution, and 2) Unsuccessful information seeking and minimal exposure reduction behaviors. All caregivers held negative perceptions of air pollution in Utah, but most were unaware of how pollution affects health. While some families limited air pollution exposure by avoiding outdoor activity or physically leaving the region, few practiced survivor-specific exposure reduction. Nearly half of caregivers worried about potential effects of air pollution on survivor health and wanted more information.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite negative perceptions of air pollution, caregivers were divided on whether air pollution could impact survivor health. Few caregivers engaged in exposure reduction for their cancer survivor. As air pollution levels increase in the U.S., continued research on this topic is essential to managing cancer survivor respiratory and cardiovascular health.
背景
新的研究表明，儿童和青少年癌症幸存者面临与空气污染物相关的发病率和死亡率的风险。然而，照顾者对空气污染影响的看法尚不清楚。因此，为了解决这一差距，我们描述了照顾者对空气污染对一般人群健康的影响的看法，特别是对儿童癌症幸存者的影响，以及照顾者的空气污染信息寻求和减少暴露行为。
方法
参与者是犹他州的居民，年龄≥18 岁，是已完成治疗的儿童癌症幸存者的照顾者。对照顾者进行半结构化访谈，以描述他们对空气质量的看法、空气污染如何影响健康（一般人群和幸存者健康）以及他们的信息寻求和减少暴露行为。访谈进行了录音、转录，并通过两轮结构化编码进行了分析。
结果
照顾者（N=13）是非西班牙裔白人，主要是女性（92.3%），年龄在 30 至 49 岁之间（46.2%）。大多数家庭居住在 Wasatch Front（69.2%），这是犹他州的主要大都市地区。有两个类别与照顾者对空气污染的看法有关：1）对空气污染对健康的影响的认识有限，以及 2）信息寻求不成功和最小的减少暴露行为。所有照顾者都对犹他州的空气污染持负面看法，但大多数人不知道污染如何影响健康。虽然一些家庭通过避免户外活动或离开该地区来限制空气污染暴露，但很少有家庭采取特定于幸存者的减少暴露行为。近一半的照顾者担心空气污染对幸存者健康的潜在影响，并希望获得更多信息。
结论
尽管对空气污染有负面看法，但照顾者对空气污染是否会影响幸存者的健康存在分歧。很少有照顾者为癌症幸存者减少暴露。随着美国空气污染水平的上升，继续研究这一主题对于管理癌症幸存者的呼吸和心血管健康至关重要。
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