Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 518026 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101Beijing, China.
Int J Biol Sci. 2021 Sep 27;17(14):4073-4091. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.64762. eCollection 2021.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important viral pathogens causing respiratory tract infection in infants, the elderly and people with poor immune function, which causes a huge disease burden worldwide every year. It has been more than 60 years since RSV was discovered, and the palivizumab monoclonal antibody, the only approved specific treatment, is limited to use for passive immunoprophylaxis in high-risk infants; no other intervention has been approved to date. However, in the past decade, substantial progress has been made in characterizing the structure and function of RSV components, their interactions with host surface molecules, and the host innate and adaptive immune response to infection. In addition, basic and important findings have also piqued widespread interest among researchers and pharmaceutical companies searching for effective interventions for RSV infection. A large number of promising monoclonal antibodies and inhibitors have been screened, and new vaccine candidates have been designed for clinical evaluation. In this review, we first briefly introduce the structural composition, host cell surface receptors and life cycle of RSV virions. Then, we discuss the latest findings related to the pathogenesis of RSV. We also focus on the latest clinical progress in the prevention and treatment of RSV infection through the development of monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and small-molecule inhibitors. Finally, we look forward to the prospects and challenges of future RSV research and clinical intervention.
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是导致婴幼儿、老年人和免疫功能低下人群呼吸道感染的最重要病毒病原体之一，每年在全球造成巨大的疾病负担。自 RSV 被发现以来已经超过 60 年，唯一被批准的特异性治疗药物帕利珠单抗单克隆抗体仅限于用于高危婴儿的被动免疫预防；迄今为止，尚无其他干预措施获得批准。然而，在过去十年中，人们在 RSV 成分的结构和功能、它们与宿主表面分子的相互作用以及宿主对感染的固有和适应性免疫反应方面取得了实质性进展。此外，基础和重要的发现也引起了研究人员和制药公司广泛关注，他们正在寻找针对 RSV 感染的有效干预措施。大量有前途的单克隆抗体和抑制剂已被筛选出来，并设计了新的疫苗候选物进行临床评估。在这篇综述中，我们首先简要介绍 RSV 病毒粒子的结构组成、宿主细胞表面受体和生命周期。然后，我们讨论了与 RSV 发病机制相关的最新发现。我们还重点介绍了通过开发单克隆抗体、疫苗和小分子抑制剂预防和治疗 RSV 感染的最新临床进展。最后，我们展望了未来 RSV 研究和临床干预的前景和挑战。
