Osterwald Katja M, Kelly David T, Comyns Thomas M, Catháin Ciarán Ó
Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland.
SHE Research Group, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland.
Sports (Basel). 2021 Sep 30;9(10):137. doi: 10.3390/sports9100137.
In this study, we assessed the acute kinematic effects of different sled load conditions (unloaded and at 10%, 20%, 30% decrement from maximum velocity (Vdec)) in different sporting populations. It is well-known that an athlete's kinematics change with increasing sled load. However, to our knowledge, the relationship between the different loads in resisted sled sprinting (RSS) and kinematic characteristics is unknown. Thirty-three athletes (sprinters n = 10; team sport athletes n = 23) performed a familiarization session (day 1), and 12 sprints at different loads (day 2) over a distance of 40 m. Sprint time and average velocity were measured. Sagittal-plane high-speed video data was recorded for early acceleration and maximum velocity phase and joint angles computed. Loading introduced significant changes to hip, knee, ankle, and trunk angle for touch-down and toe-off for the acceleration and maximum velocity phase ( < 0.05). Knee, hip, and ankle angles became more flexed with increasing load for all groups and trunk lean increased linearly with increasing loading conditions. The results of this study provide coaches with important information that may influence how RSS is employed as a training tool to improve sprint performance for acceleration and maximal velocity running and that prescription may not change based on sporting population, as there were only minimal differences observed between groups. The trunk lean increase was related to the heavy loads and appeared to prevent athletes to reach mechanics that were truly reflective of maximum velocity sprinting. Lighter loads seem to be more adequate to not provoke changes in maxV kinematics. However, heavy loading extended the distance over which it is possible to train acceleration.
在本研究中，我们评估了不同雪橇负荷条件（无负荷以及相对于最大速度（Vdec）递减10%、20%、30%）对不同运动人群的急性运动学影响。众所周知，随着雪橇负荷增加，运动员的运动学特征会发生变化。然而，据我们所知，在抗阻雪橇冲刺跑（RSS）中不同负荷与运动学特征之间的关系尚不清楚。33名运动员（短跑运动员n = 10；团体运动运动员n = 23）进行了一次熟悉训练（第1天），并在第2天以不同负荷进行了12次40米冲刺跑。测量了冲刺时间和平均速度。记录了矢状面高速视频数据用于早期加速和最大速度阶段，并计算了关节角度。负荷对加速和最大速度阶段着地和离地时的髋、膝、踝及躯干角度产生了显著变化（P < 0.05）。所有组的膝关节、髋关节和踝关节角度随着负荷增加而变得更加屈曲，并且躯干前倾随着负荷条件增加呈线性增加。本研究结果为教练提供了重要信息，可能会影响RSS作为一种训练工具来提高加速跑和最大速度跑的冲刺成绩的应用方式，并且训练方案可能不会因运动人群不同而改变，因为各组之间仅观察到极小差异。躯干前倾增加与重负荷有关，似乎阻止了运动员达到真正反映最大速度冲刺的力学状态。较轻负荷似乎更适合不引起最大速度运动学的变化。然而，重负荷延长了可用于训练加速的距离。
