Yuan Bo, Rüdel Heinz, de Wit Cynthia A, Koschorreck Jan
Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Feb 15;424(Pt C):127607. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127607. Epub 2021 Oct 27.
Germany is one of several major European producers of chlorinated paraffins (CPs). This study showed that not only the legacy short-chain products (SCCPs, C), but also the current-use medium- and long-chain products (MCCPs, C; LCCPs, C) as well as the very-short-chain impurities (vSCCPs, C) are ubiquitous in the 72 samples collected from the coastal, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems across the country. The concentrations of LCCPs surpassed those of the other CPs in 40% of the biota samples. Archived bream samples collected downstream of a CP-manufacturing factory showed decreasing temporal trends of (v)SCCPs and relatively constant levels of MCCPs from 1995 to 2019; however, the overall levels of LCCPs have increased by 290%, reflecting the impact of chemical regulation policies on changes in CP production. A visualization algorithm was developed for integrating CP results from various matrices to illustrate spatial tendencies of CP pollution. Higher levels of (v)SCCPs were indicated in the former West Germany region, while MCCP and LCCP concentrations did not seem to differ between former East and West Germany, suggesting relatively equal production and use of these chemicals after the German Reunification. The results provide an early warning signal of environmental concerns from LCCPs on the eve of their booming global production and use.
德国是欧洲几个主要的氯化石蜡生产国之一。这项研究表明，不仅遗留的短链产品（短链氯化石蜡，C），而且当前使用的中链和长链产品（中链氯化石蜡，C；长链氯化石蜡，C）以及极短链杂质（极短链氯化石蜡，C）在从该国沿海、陆地和淡水生态系统采集的72个样本中普遍存在。在40%的生物群样本中，长链氯化石蜡的浓度超过了其他氯化石蜡。在一家氯化石蜡生产工厂下游采集的存档鲷鱼样本显示，从1995年到2019年，（极）短链氯化石蜡呈下降趋势，中链氯化石蜡水平相对稳定；然而，长链氯化石蜡的总体水平增加了290%，这反映了化学监管政策对氯化石蜡生产变化的影响。开发了一种可视化算法，用于整合来自各种基质的氯化石蜡结果，以说明氯化石蜡污染的空间趋势。在前西德地区，（极）短链氯化石蜡的水平较高，而在前东德和西德，中链氯化石蜡和长链氯化石蜡的浓度似乎没有差异，这表明德国统一后这些化学品的生产和使用相对均衡。这些结果为长链氯化石蜡在全球生产和使用蓬勃发展前夕的环境问题提供了早期预警信号。
