运用“同一健康”方法优先考虑中国的人畜共患疾病，2019 年。
Using a One Health approach to prioritize zoonotic diseases in China, 2019.
机构信息
National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Division of Global Health Protection, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2021 Nov 19;16(11):e0259706. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259706. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
China is vulnerable to zoonotic disease transmission due to a large agricultural work force, sizable domestic livestock population, and a highly biodiverse ecology. To better address this threat, representatives from the human, animal, and environmental health sectors in China held a One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization (OHZDP) workshop in May 2019 to develop a list of priority zoonotic diseases for multisectoral, One Health collaboration.
METHODS
Representatives used the OHZDP Process, developed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), to prioritize zoonotic diseases for China. Representatives defined the criteria used for prioritization and determined questions and weights for each individual criterion. A review of English and Chinese literature was conducted prior to the workshop to collect disease specific information on prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from China and the Western Pacific Region for zoonotic diseases considered for prioritization.
RESULTS
Thirty zoonotic diseases were evaluated for prioritization. Criteria selected included: 1) disease hazard/severity (case fatality rate) in humans, 2) epidemic scale and intensity (in humans and animals) in China, 3) economic impact, 4) prevention and control, and 5) social impact. Disease specific information was obtained from 792 articles (637 in English and 155 in Chinese) and subject matter experts for the prioritization process. Following discussion of the OHZDP Tool output among disease experts, five priority zoonotic diseases were identified for China: avian influenza, echinococcosis, rabies, plague, and brucellosis.
CONCLUSION
Representatives agreed on a list of five priority zoonotic diseases that can serve as a foundation to strengthen One Health collaboration for disease prevention and control in China; this list was developed prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic. Next steps focused on establishing a multisectoral, One Health coordination mechanism, improving multisectoral linkages in laboratory testing and surveillance platforms, creating multisectoral preparedness and response plans, and increasing workforce capacity.
背景
中国由于农业劳动力庞大、国内牲畜数量众多以及生物多样性极高，容易受到人畜共患疾病传播的影响。为了更好地应对这一威胁，来自中国人类、动物和环境卫生部门的代表于 2019 年 5 月举行了一次“One Health 人畜共患病优先排序（OHZDP）”研讨会，以制定一份多部门“One Health”合作的优先人畜共患病清单。
方法
代表们使用美国疾病控制与预防中心（US CDC）开发的 OHZDP 流程对中国的人畜共患病进行优先排序。代表们定义了用于优先排序的标准，并确定了每个标准的问题和权重。在研讨会之前，对英文和中文文献进行了审查，以收集有关在中国和西太平洋地区考虑优先排序的人畜共患病的流行率、发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs）的具体疾病信息。
结果
对 30 种人畜共患病进行了评估。选择的标准包括：1）人类疾病的危害/严重性（病死率），2）中国的流行规模和强度（在人类和动物中），3）经济影响，4）预防和控制，5）社会影响。通过 792 篇文章（637 篇英文和 155 篇中文）和主题专家为优先排序过程获得了特定疾病的信息。在疾病专家之间讨论了 OHZDP 工具的输出结果后，确定了中国的 5 种优先人畜共患病：禽流感、包虫病、狂犬病、鼠疫和布鲁氏菌病。
结论
代表们就一份优先人畜共患病清单达成一致，该清单可作为加强中国疾病预防和控制的“One Health”合作的基础；该清单是在 SARS-CoV-2 和 COVID-19 大流行之前制定的。下一步的重点是建立多部门“One Health”协调机制，改善实验室检测和监测平台中的多部门联系，制定多部门的准备和应对计划，以及增加劳动力能力。
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