Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Cells. 2021 Oct 28;10(11):2921. doi: 10.3390/cells10112921.
For more than 70 years, glucocorticoids (GCs) have been a powerful and affordable treatment option for inflammatory diseases. However, their benefits do not come without a cost, since GCs also cause side effects. Therefore, strong efforts are being made to improve their therapeutic index. In this review, we illustrate the mechanisms and target cells of GCs in the pathogenesis and treatment of some of the most frequent inflammatory disorders affecting the central nervous system, the gastrointestinal tract, the lung, and the joints, as well as graft-versus-host disease, which often develops after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In addition, an overview is provided of novel approaches aimed at improving GC therapy based on chemical modifications or GC delivery using nanoformulations. GCs remain a topic of highly active scientific research despite being one of the oldest class of drugs in medical use.
70 多年来，糖皮质激素（GCs）一直是治疗炎症性疾病的一种强大且负担得起的治疗选择。然而，它们的好处并非没有代价，因为 GCs 也会引起副作用。因此，人们正在努力提高它们的治疗指数。在这篇综述中，我们说明了 GCs 在影响中枢神经系统、胃肠道、肺和关节的一些最常见炎症性疾病的发病机制和治疗中的作用机制和靶细胞，以及造血干细胞移植后常发生的移植物抗宿主病。此外，还概述了基于化学修饰或使用纳米制剂进行 GC 传递来改善 GC 治疗的新方法。尽管 GCs 是医学中使用的最古老的药物之一，但它仍然是一个高度活跃的科学研究课题。
