History & Philosophy of Science Programme, School of Historical & Philosophical Studies, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2022 Aug 1;14(8):a039115. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039115.
Investigations of sex differences in the human brain take place on politically sensitive terrain. While some scholars express concern that gendered biases and stereotypes remain embedded in scientific research, others are alarmed about the politicization of science. To help better understand these debates, this review sets out three kinds of conflicts that can arise in the neuroscience of sex differences: academic freedom versus gender equality; frameworks, background assumptions, and dominant methodologies; and inductive risk and social values. The boundaries between fair criticism and politicization are explored for each kind of conflict, pointing to ways in which the academic community can facilitate fair criticism while protecting against politicization.
对人类大脑中性别差异的研究是在政治上敏感的领域进行的。一些学者担心性别偏见和刻板印象仍然存在于科学研究中,而另一些学者则对科学的政治化感到担忧。为了更好地理解这些争论,本文综述了在性别差异的神经科学中可能出现的三种冲突:学术自由与性别平等;框架、背景假设和主流方法;以及归纳风险和社会价值。本文探讨了每种冲突中公平批评和政治化之间的界限,指出了学术界在促进公平批评的同时防范政治化的方法。