Cooperative interaction among surface beta- and gamma-carboxyl groups mediating the permeation of ions into frog muscle cells.

A new equation for the ion permeation into living cells is described. This equation, differs from earlier ones, in that cooperative interaction among the fixed surface beta- and gamma-carboxyl groups mediating ion entry via the adsorption-desorption route is taken into account. Results of a single set of experiments describing labeled Cs+ into frog sartorius muscles at 0 degree C affirms the existence of the predicted cooperative interaction which endows the cell membrane and other organelles with a mechanism for coherence and control.