Dual-Channel Fluorescent Probe for the Simultaneous Monitoring of Peroxynitrite and Adenosine-5'-triphosphate in Cellular Applications.

Changes in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and peroxynitrite (ONOO) concentrations have been correlated in a number of diseases including ischemia-reperfusion injury and drug-induced liver injury. Herein, we report the development of a fluorescent probe ATP-LW, which enables the simultaneous detection of ONOO and ATP. ONOO selectively oxidizes the boronate pinacol ester of ATP-LW to afford the fluorescent 4-hydroxy-1,8-naphthalimide product NA-OH (λ = 450 nm, λ = 562 nm or λ = 488 nm, λ = 568 nm). In contrast, the binding of ATP to ATP-LW induces the spirolactam ring opening of rhodamine to afford a highly emissive product (λ = 520 nm, λ = 587 nm). Due to the differences in emission between the ONOO and ATP products, ATP-LW allows ONOO levels to be monitored in the green channel (λ = 488 nm, λ = 500-575 nm) and ATP concentrations in the red channel (λ = 514 nm, λ = 575-650 nm). The use of ATP-LW as a combined ONOO and ATP probe was demonstrated using hepatocytes (HL-7702 cells) in cellular imaging experiments. Treatment of HL-7702 cells with oligomycin A (an inhibitor of ATP synthase) resulted in a reduction of signal intensity in the red channel and an increase in that of the green channel as expected for a reduction in ATP concentrations. Similar fluorescence changes were seen in the presence of SIN-1 (an exogenous ONOO donor).