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叶酸代谢紊乱导致多代小鼠胚胎着床位置不佳且间距异常。

Disruption of Folate Metabolism Causes Poor Alignment and Spacing of Mouse Conceptuses for Multiple Generations.

作者信息

Wilkinson Amy L, Menelaou Katerina, Rakoczy Joanna, Tan Xiu S, Watson Erica D

机构信息

Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

出版信息

Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Dec 10;9:723978. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.723978. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Abnormal uptake or metabolism of folate increases risk of human pregnancy complications, though the mechanism is unclear. Here, we explore how defective folate metabolism influences early development by analysing mice with the hypomorphic mutation. MTRR is necessary for methyl group utilisation from folate metabolism, and the allele disrupts this process. We show that the spectrum of phenotypes previously observed in conceptuses at embryonic day (E) 10.5 is apparent from E8.5 including developmental delay, congenital malformations, and placental phenotypes. Notably, we report misalignment of some conceptuses within their implantation sites from E6.5. The degree of misorientation occurs across a continuum, with the most severe form visible upon gross dissection. Additionally, some conceptuses display twinning. Therefore, we implicate folate metabolism in blastocyst orientation and spacing at implantation. Skewed growth likely influences embryo development since developmental delay and heart malformations (but not defects in neural tube closure or trophoblast differentiation) associate with severe misalignment of conceptuses. Typically, the uterus is thought to guide conceptus orientation. To investigate a uterine effect of the allele, we manipulate the maternal genotype. Misaligned conceptuses were observed in litters of , , and mothers. While progesterone and/or BMP2 signalling might be disrupted, normal decidual morphology, patterning, and blood perfusion are evident at E6.5 regardless of conceptus orientation. These observations argue against a post-implantation uterine defect as a cause of conceptus misalignment. Since litters of mothers display conceptus misalignment, a grandparental effect is explored. Multigenerational phenotype inheritance is characteristic of the model, though the mechanism remains unclear. Genetic pedigree analysis reveals that severe conceptus skewing associates with the genotype of either maternal grandparent. Moreover, the presence of conceptus skewing after embryo transfer into a control uterus indicates that misalignment is independent of the peri- and/or post-implantation uterus and instead is likely attributed to an embryonic mechanism that is epigenetically inherited. Overall, our data indicates that abnormal folate metabolism influences conceptus orientation over multiple generations with implications for subsequent development. This study casts light on the complex role of folate metabolism during development beyond a direct maternal effect.

摘要

叶酸摄取或代谢异常会增加人类妊娠并发症的风险,但其机制尚不清楚。在此,我们通过分析具有次等位基因突变的小鼠,探讨叶酸代谢缺陷如何影响早期发育。MTRR对于叶酸代谢中甲基的利用是必需的,而该等位基因会破坏这一过程。我们发现,先前在胚胎期(E)10.5的概念胎中观察到的一系列表型在E8.5时就已明显,包括发育迟缓、先天性畸形和胎盘表型。值得注意的是,我们报告从E6.5起,一些概念胎在其着床部位内出现错位。错位程度呈连续变化,在大体解剖时可见最严重的形式。此外,一些概念胎表现出孪生现象。因此,我们认为叶酸代谢与着床时囊胚的定向和间距有关。生长失衡可能会影响胚胎发育,因为发育迟缓和心脏畸形(但不是神经管闭合或滋养层分化缺陷)与概念胎的严重错位有关。通常认为子宫引导概念胎的定向。为了研究该等位基因对子宫的影响,我们操纵母本基因型。在 、 和 母亲的窝中观察到了错位的概念胎。虽然孕酮和/或BMP2信号可能被破坏,但在E6.5时,无论概念胎的定向如何,蜕膜形态、模式和血液灌注都是正常的。这些观察结果反对将着床后子宫缺陷作为概念胎错位的原因。由于 母亲的窝中出现概念胎错位,我们探讨了祖父母效应。多代表型遗传是该模型的特征,但其机制尚不清楚。遗传谱系分析表明,严重的概念胎偏斜与母系祖父母的基因型有关。此外,将胚胎移植到对照子宫后出现概念胎偏斜,这表明错位与着床期和/或着床后子宫无关,而是可能归因于一种表观遗传继承的胚胎机制。总体而言,我们的数据表明异常叶酸代谢会在多代中影响概念胎的定向,并对后续发育产生影响。这项研究揭示了叶酸代谢在发育过程中的复杂作用,其作用超出了直接的母体效应。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/366f/8703036/14df3914aed4/fcell-09-723978-g001.jpg

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