适量饮酒与脂蛋白亚组份：干预和观察性研究的系统评价。
Moderate alcohol consumption and lipoprotein subfractions: a systematic review of intervention and observational studies.
机构信息
Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
出版信息
Nutr Rev. 2022 Apr 8;80(5):1311-1339. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab102.
CONTEXT
Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improvement in cardiovascular risk markers, including lipoproteins and lipoprotein subfractions.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the relationship between moderate alcohol intake, lipoprotein subfractions, and related mechanisms.
DATA SOURCES
Following PRISMA, all human and ex vivo studies with an alcohol intake up to 60 g/d were included from 8 databases.
DATA EXTRACTION
A total of 17 478 studies were screened, and data were extracted from 37 intervention and 77 observational studies.
RESULTS
Alcohol intake was positively associated with all HDL subfractions. A few studies found lower levels of small LDLs, increased average LDL particle size, and nonlinear relationships to apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Cholesterol efflux capacity and paraoxonase activity were consistently increased. Several studies had unclear or high risk of bias, and heterogeneous laboratory methods restricted comparability between studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Up to 60 g/d alcohol can cause changes in lipoprotein subfractions and related mechanisms that could influence cardiovascular health.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration no. 98955.
背景
适量饮酒与降低心血管疾病（CVD）风险和改善心血管风险标志物有关，包括脂蛋白和脂蛋白亚组份。
目的
系统综述适量饮酒与脂蛋白亚组份的关系及相关机制。
数据来源
根据 PRISMA 指南，从 8 个数据库中纳入了所有饮酒量不超过 60g/d 的人类和离体研究。
数据提取
共筛选出 17478 项研究，从 37 项干预研究和 77 项观察性研究中提取了数据。
结果
饮酒与所有高密度脂蛋白亚组份呈正相关。一些研究发现小而密 LDL 水平降低、平均 LDL 颗粒大小增加，以及载脂蛋白 B 脂蛋白呈非线性关系。胆固醇外排能力和对氧磷酶活性持续增加。一些研究存在偏倚不明确或高风险，以及实验室方法的异质性限制了研究之间的可比性。
结论
每天摄入不超过 60g 的酒精可引起脂蛋白亚组份和相关机制的变化，这可能影响心血管健康。
系统综述注册
PROSPERO 注册号为 98955。
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