大规模神经组合动力学的荧光成像。
Fluorescence imaging of large-scale neural ensemble dynamics.
机构信息
James Clark Center for Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
出版信息
Cell. 2022 Jan 6;185(1):9-41. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.007.
Recent progress in fluorescence imaging allows neuroscientists to observe the dynamics of thousands of individual neurons, identified genetically or by their connectivity, across multiple brain areas and for extended durations in awake behaving mammals. We discuss advances in fluorescent indicators of neural activity, viral and genetic methods to express these indicators, chronic animal preparations for long-term imaging studies, and microscopes to monitor and manipulate the activity of large neural ensembles. Ca imaging studies of neural activity can track brain area interactions and distributed information processing at cellular resolution. Across smaller spatial scales, high-speed voltage imaging reveals the distinctive spiking patterns and coding properties of targeted neuron types. Collectively, these innovations will propel studies of brain function and dovetail with ongoing neuroscience initiatives to identify new neuron types and develop widely applicable, non-human primate models. The optical toolkit's growing sophistication also suggests that "brain observatory" facilities would be useful open resources for future brain-imaging studies.
近年来荧光成像技术的进步使神经科学家能够在清醒活动的哺乳动物中观察到数千个单个神经元的动态，这些神经元可以通过基因或连接性来识别，并跨越多个脑区和延长时间。我们讨论了神经活动的荧光指示剂的进展、表达这些指示剂的病毒和遗传方法、用于长期成像研究的慢性动物准备、以及监测和操纵大神经集合体活动的显微镜。钙成像研究可以跟踪脑区相互作用和以细胞分辨率进行分布式信息处理。在较小的空间尺度上，高速电压成像揭示了目标神经元类型的独特尖峰模式和编码特性。总的来说，这些创新将推动大脑功能的研究，并与正在进行的神经科学计划相吻合，以识别新的神经元类型并开发广泛适用的非人类灵长类动物模型。光学工具包的日益复杂也表明，“大脑观测站”设施将成为未来大脑成像研究的有用开放资源。
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