Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Environ Health. 2022 Jan 16;21(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12940-021-00824-w.
Neighborhood greenspaces provide opportunities for increased physical activity and social interaction, and thus may reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes. However, there is little robust research on greenspace and diabetes. In this study, we examine the longitudinal association between neighborhood greenspace and incident diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
A prospective cohort study (N = 6814; 2000-2018) was conducted to examine the association between greenspace, measured as annual and high vegetation season median greenness determined by satellite (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) within 1000 m of participant homes, and incident diabetes assessed at clinician visits, defined as a fasting glucose level of at least 126 mg/dL, use of insulin or use of hypoglycemic medication, controlling for covariates in stages. Five thousand five hundred seventy-four participants free of prevalent diabetes at baseline were included in our analysis.
Over the study period, 886 (15.9%) participants developed diabetes. Adjusting for individual characteristics, individual and neighborhood-scale SES, additional neighborhood factors, and diabetes risk factors, we found a 21% decrease in the risk of developing diabetes per IQR increase in greenspace (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.99).
Overall, neighborhood greenspace provides a protective influence in the development of diabetes, suggesting that neighborhood-level urban planning that supports access to greenspace--along with healthy behaviors--may aid in diabetes prevention. Additional research is needed to better understand how an area's greenness influences diabetes risk, how to better characterize greenspace exposure and usage, and future studies should focus on robust adjustment for neighborhood-level confounders.
邻里绿地为增加身体活动和社会互动提供了机会，因此可能降低 2 型糖尿病的风险。然而，关于绿地与糖尿病的研究很少。在这项研究中，我们在动脉粥样硬化多民族研究中检查了邻里绿地与糖尿病发病之间的纵向关联。
进行了一项前瞻性队列研究（N=6814；2000-2018 年），以检查绿地与参与者家庭周围 1000 米内卫星测量的年度和高植被季节中位数绿色（归一化差异植被指数）之间的关联，以及在临床就诊时评估的糖尿病发病情况，定义为空腹血糖水平至少为 126mg/dL，使用胰岛素或使用降血糖药物，分阶段控制协变量。我们的分析纳入了 5574 名基线时无糖尿病的参与者。
在研究期间，886 名（15.9%）参与者发生了糖尿病。调整个人特征、个体和邻里尺度 SES、其他邻里因素和糖尿病危险因素后，我们发现绿地每增加一个 IQR，糖尿病发病风险降低 21%（HR：0.79；95%CI：0.63，0.99）。
总体而言，邻里绿地对糖尿病的发生具有保护作用，这表明支持获得绿地和健康行为的邻里层面城市规划可能有助于预防糖尿病。需要进一步研究以更好地了解一个地区的绿化程度如何影响糖尿病风险，如何更好地描述绿地暴露和使用情况，未来的研究应重点关注对邻里层面混杂因素的稳健调整。
