Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2022 Mar;214:173343. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173343. Epub 2022 Feb 3.
Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Although combustible cigarettes are largely being replaced by tobacco-free products, nicotine use continues to increase in vulnerable populations, including youth, adolescents, and pregnant women. Nicotine exerts unique effects on specific brain regions during distinct developmental periods due to the dynamic expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) throughout the lifespan. Nicotine exposure is a health concern not only for adults but also has neurotoxic effects on the fetus, newborn, child, and adolescent. In this review, we aim to highlight the dynamic roles of nAChRs throughout gestation, adolescence, and adulthood. We also provide clinical and preclinical evidence of the neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and behavioral consequences of nicotine exposure at different developmental periods. This comprehensive review highlights unique effects of nicotine throughout the lifespan to help elucidate interventions and public health measures to protect sensitive populations from nicotine exposure.
吸烟仍然是美国可预防死亡的主要原因。尽管可燃香烟在很大程度上被无烟草产品所取代，但尼古丁在包括青少年和孕妇在内的弱势群体中的使用仍在不断增加。由于烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（nAChRs）在整个生命周期中的动态表达，尼古丁在不同的发育阶段对特定的大脑区域产生独特的影响。尼古丁暴露不仅对成年人是一个健康问题，而且对胎儿、新生儿、儿童和青少年也具有神经毒性作用。在这篇综述中，我们旨在强调 nAChRs 在整个妊娠期、青春期和成年期的动态作用。我们还提供了临床前和临床证据，表明在不同的发育阶段，尼古丁暴露对神经发育、认知和行为的影响。这篇全面的综述强调了尼古丁在整个生命周期中的独特作用，以帮助阐明干预措施和公共卫生措施，以保护敏感人群免受尼古丁暴露。
