Ahmad Malik Jonaid, Ahmed Sakeel, Shinde Mrunal, Almermesh Mohammad Hajaj Said, Alghamdi Saleh, Hussain Arshad, Anwar Sirajudheen
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 May;29(5):3586-3599. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.006. Epub 2022 Feb 10.
Coronavirus disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The virus first appeared in Wuhan (China) in December 2019 and has spread globally. Till now, it affected 269 million people with 5.3 million deaths in 224 countries and territories. With the emergence of variants like Omicron, the COVID-19 cases grew exponentially, with thousands of deaths. The general symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, sore throat, cough, lung infections, and, in severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and death. SARS-CoV-2 predominantly affects the lung, but it can also affect other organs such as the brain, heart, and gastrointestinal system. It is observed that 75 % of hospitalized COVID-19 patients have at least one COVID-19 associated comorbidity. The most common reported comorbidities are hypertension, NDs, diabetes, cancer, endothelial dysfunction, and CVDs. Moreover, older and pre-existing polypharmacy patients have worsened COVID-19 associated complications. SARS-CoV-2 also results in the hypercoagulability issues like gangrene, stroke, pulmonary embolism, and other associated complications. This review aims to provide the latest information on the impact of the COVID-19 on pre-existing comorbidities such as CVDs, NDs, COPD, and other complications. This review will help us to understand the current scenario of COVID-19 and comorbidities; thus, it will play an important role in the management and decision-making efforts to tackle such complications.
冠状病毒病由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起。该病毒于2019年12月首次出现在中国武汉，并已在全球传播。截至目前，它已在224个国家和地区感染了2.69亿人，造成530万人死亡。随着奥密克戎等变种的出现，新冠肺炎病例呈指数级增长，导致数千人死亡。新冠肺炎的一般症状包括发热、喉咙痛、咳嗽、肺部感染，严重时会出现急性呼吸窘迫综合征、败血症和死亡。SARS-CoV-2主要影响肺部，但也会影响其他器官，如大脑、心脏和胃肠道系统。据观察，75%的住院新冠肺炎患者至少有一种与新冠肺炎相关的合并症。报告最多的合并症是高血压、神经系统疾病、糖尿病、癌症、内皮功能障碍和心血管疾病。此外，老年患者和长期服用多种药物的患者的新冠肺炎相关并发症会加重。SARS-CoV-2还会导致坏疽、中风、肺栓塞等高凝性问题以及其他相关并发症。本综述旨在提供关于新冠肺炎对心血管疾病、神经系统疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病等现有合并症及其他并发症影响的最新信息。本综述将帮助我们了解新冠肺炎和合并症的现状；因此，它将在应对此类并发症的管理和决策工作中发挥重要作用。
