Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.
Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.
BMC Med. 2022 Feb 23;20(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02292-6.
Long-term-specific sequelae or persistent symptoms (SPS) after hospitalisation due to COVID-19 are not known. The aim of this study was to explore the presence of SPS 12 months after discharge in survivors hospitalised due to COVID-19 and compare it with survivors hospitalised due to other causes.
Prospective cohort study, the Andalusian Cohort of Hospitalised patients for COVID-19 (ANCOHVID study), conducted in 4 hospitals and 29 primary care centres in Andalusia, Spain. The sample was composed of 906 adult patients; 453 patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 (exposed) and 453 hospitalised due to other causes (non-exposed) from March 1 to April 15, 2020, and discharged alive. The main outcomes were (1) the prevalence of SPS at 12 months after discharge and (2) the incidence of SPS after discharge. Outcome data at 12 months were compared between the exposed and non-exposed cohorts. Risk ratios were calculated, and bivariate analyses were performed.
A total of 163 (36.1%) and 160 (35.3%) patients of the exposed and non-exposed cohorts, respectively, showed at least one SPS at 12 months after discharge. The SPS with higher prevalence in the subgroup of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 12 months after discharge were persistent pharyngeal symptoms (p<0.001), neurological SPS (p=0.049), confusion or memory loss (p=0.043), thrombotic events (p=0.025) and anxiety (p=0.046). The incidence of SPS was higher for the exposed cohort regarding pharyngeal symptoms (risk ratio, 8.00; 95% CI, 1.85 to 36.12), confusion or memory loss (risk ratio, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.16 to 10.55) and anxiety symptoms (risk ratio, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.28 to 4.34).
There was a similar frequency of long-term SPS after discharge at 12 months, regardless of the cause of admission (COVID-19 or other causes). Nevertheless, some symptoms that were found to be more associated with COVID-19, such as memory loss or anxiety, merit further investigation. These results should guide future follow-up of COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge.
目前尚不清楚 COVID-19 住院患者出院后是否存在长期特定后遗症或持续症状（SPS）。本研究旨在探讨 COVID-19 住院幸存者出院后 12 个月时 SPS 的存在情况，并将其与因其他原因住院的幸存者进行比较。
前瞻性队列研究，安达卢西亚 COVID-19 住院患者队列（ANCOHVID 研究），在西班牙安达卢西亚的 4 家医院和 29 家初级保健中心进行。样本由 906 名成年患者组成；3 月 1 日至 4 月 15 日期间，因 COVID-19 住院的 453 名患者（暴露组）和因其他原因（非暴露组）住院的 453 名患者出院，且均存活。主要结局为出院后 12 个月时 SPS 的患病率（1）和出院后 SPS 的发生率（2）。将暴露组和非暴露组出院后 12 个月的结局数据进行比较。计算风险比，并进行双变量分析。
出院后 12 个月时，暴露组和非暴露组分别有 163 名（36.1%）和 160 名（35.3%）患者至少存在一种 SPS。COVID-19 住院患者出院后 12 个月时 SPS 发生率较高的亚组为持续性咽部症状（p<0.001）、神经系统 SPS（p=0.049）、意识混乱或记忆丧失（p=0.043）、血栓事件（p=0.025）和焦虑（p=0.046）。与非暴露组相比，暴露组出院后 12 个月时出现咽部症状（风险比，8.00；95%CI，1.85 至 36.12）、意识混乱或记忆丧失（风险比，3.50；95%CI，1.16 至 10.55）和焦虑症状（风险比，2.36；95%CI，1.28 至 4.34）的 SPS 发生率更高。
出院后 12 个月时，长期 SPS 的发生频率相似，与入院原因（COVID-19 或其他原因）无关。然而，一些与 COVID-19 相关性更高的症状，如记忆丧失或焦虑，值得进一步研究。这些结果应指导 COVID-19 患者出院后的后续随访。
