Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, Tourism and Environmental Protection, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Feb 15;22(4):1513. doi: 10.3390/s22041513.
The monitoring of environmental pollution requires fast, reliable, cost-effective and small devices. This need explains the recent trends in the development of biosensing devices for pollutant detection. The present review aims to summarize the newest trends regarding the use of biosensors to detect environmental contaminants. Enzyme, whole cell, antibody, aptamer, and DNA-based biosensors and biomimetic sensors are discussed. We summarize their applicability to the detection of various pollutants and mention their constructive characteristics. Several detection principles are used in biosensor design: amperometry, conductometry, luminescence, etc. They differ in terms of rapidity, sensitivity, profitability, and design. Each one is characterized by specific selectivity and detection limits depending on the sensitive element. Mimetic biosensors are slowly gaining attention from researchers and users due to their advantages compared with classical ones. Further studies are necessary for the development of robust biosensing devices that can successfully be used for the detection of pollutants from complex matrices without prior sample preparation.
环境污染监测需要快速、可靠、具有成本效益且体积小巧的设备。这种需求解释了用于污染物检测的生物传感设备的最新发展趋势。本综述旨在总结使用生物传感器检测环境污染物的最新趋势。讨论了基于酶、全细胞、抗体、适体和 DNA 的生物传感器和仿生传感器。我们总结了它们在检测各种污染物方面的适用性，并提到了它们的结构特征。生物传感器设计中使用了几种检测原理：电流法、电导法、发光法等。它们在速度、灵敏度、收益和设计方面有所不同。每种方法都具有特定的选择性和检测限，这取决于敏感元件。与经典生物传感器相比，仿生生物传感器因其优势而逐渐受到研究人员和用户的关注。需要进一步的研究来开发稳健的生物传感设备，以便无需事先进行样品制备即可成功用于从复杂基质中检测污染物。
