一项关于执行功能任务中认知训练对精神障碍神经变化的荟萃分析：增加还是减少大脑激活？
A meta-analysis on neural changes of cognitive training for mental disorders in executive function tasks: increase or decrease brain activation?
机构信息
Nan jing Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
出版信息
BMC Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 1;22(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-03796-4.
BACKGROUND
Cognitive impairment is often found in patients with psychiatric disorders, and cognitive training (CT) has been shown to help these patients. To better understand the mechanisms of CT, many neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural changes associated with it. However, the results of those studies have been inconsistent, making it difficult to draw conclusions from the literature. Therefore, the objective of this meta-analysis was to identify consistent patterns in the literature of neural changes associated with CT for psychiatric disorders.
METHODS
We searched for cognitive training imaging studies in PubMed, Cochrane library, Scopus, and ProQuest electronic databases. We conducted an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) for coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies, conduct behavioral analysis of brain regions identified by ALE analysis, conduct behavioral analysis of brain regions identified by ALE analysis, and then created a functional meta-analytic connectivity model (fMACM) of the resulting regions.
RESULTS
Results showed that CT studies consistently reported increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and decreased activation in the left precuneus and cuneus from pre- to post- CT.
CONCLUSION
CT improves cognitive function by supporting language and memory function, and reducing neuronal resources associated with basic visual processing.
背景
认知障碍在精神障碍患者中经常被发现，认知训练（CT）已被证明可以帮助这些患者。为了更好地了解 CT 的机制，许多神经影像学研究已经研究了与之相关的神经变化。然而，这些研究的结果并不一致，使得很难从文献中得出结论。因此，本荟萃分析的目的是确定与精神障碍 CT 相关的神经变化文献中的一致模式。
方法
我们在 PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆、Scopus 和 ProQuest 电子数据库中搜索认知训练成像研究。我们对神经影像学研究进行了基于激活似然估计（ALE）的坐标荟萃分析，对 ALE 分析确定的脑区进行行为分析，然后对产生的脑区进行功能荟萃分析连接模型（fMACM）的构建。
结果
结果表明，CT 研究一致报告说，从 CT 前到 CT 后，左额下回（IFG）的激活增加，左楔前叶和楔叶的激活减少。
结论
CT 通过支持语言和记忆功能，减少与基本视觉处理相关的神经元资源，从而改善认知功能。
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