Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Front Public Health. 2022 Feb 21;9:757089. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.757089. eCollection 2021.
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) endure an asymmetrically high burden of worldwide disease and death caused by chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), i.e., asthma, emphysema, bronchiectasis, and post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD). CRDs are firmly related with indigence, infectious diseases, and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and add to complex multi-disease with great impact on the lives and livelihood of those affected. The pertinence of CRDs to health and demographic wellbeing is relied upon to increment in the long time ahead, as expectations of life rise and the contending dangers of right on time youth mortality and irresistible infections level. The WHO has distinguished the counteraction and control of NCDs as an earnest improvement issue and crucial for the sustainable development goals (SDSs) by 2030. In this review, we center on CRDs in LMICs. We examine the early life roots of CRDs, challenges in their avoidance, identification and administration in LMICs, and the pathways to resolve for accomplish valid widespread wellbeing inclusion.
中低收入国家(LMICs)承受着由慢性呼吸道疾病(CRD),即哮喘、肺气肿、支气管扩张和肺结核后肺部疾病(PTLD)引起的全球疾病和死亡的不成比例的高负担。CRD 与贫困、传染病和其他非传染性疾病(NCDs)密切相关,并与复杂的多种疾病相关,对受影响者的生活和生计产生重大影响。随着预期寿命的提高和青年早逝和不可抗拒的感染率等竞争危险的上升,CRD 对健康和人口福利的相关性预计将在未来很长一段时间内增加。世界卫生组织(WHO)已将 NCD 的预防和控制确定为一个严峻的改进问题,这对 2030 年可持续发展目标(SDSs)至关重要。在这篇综述中,我们关注的是中低收入国家的 CRD。我们研究了 CRD 的早期生活根源,以及在中低收入国家预防、识别和管理 CRD 方面的挑战,以及实现有效全民健康覆盖的途径。