Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Trends Biochem Sci. 2022 Jun;47(6):518-530. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.03.003. Epub 2022 Mar 28.
Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are maintained in a 'ready-to-go' but 'safe' autoinhibited conformation until second messenger binding unleashes an autoinhibitory pseudosubstrate to allow substrate phosphorylation. However, to gain this 'ready-to-go' conformation, PKC must be processed by a series of complex priming phosphorylations, the mechanism of which was enigmatic until now. Recent findings snapped the pieces of the phosphorylation puzzle into place to unveil a process that involves a newly described motif (TOR interaction motif, TIM), a well-described kinase [mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2)], and an often-used mechanism (autophosphorylation) to prime PKC to signal. This review highlights new insights into how phosphorylation controls PKC and discusses them in the context of common mechanisms for AGC kinase regulation by phosphorylation and autophosphorylation.
蛋白激酶 C(PKC)同工酶保持在“准备就绪”但“安全”的自动抑制构象中,直到第二信使结合释放自动抑制假底物以允许底物磷酸化。然而,为了获得这种“准备就绪”的构象,PKC 必须经过一系列复杂的启动磷酸化,其机制至今仍是个谜。最近的发现将磷酸化之谜的各个部分拼接在一起,揭示了一个涉及新描述的模体(TOR 相互作用模体,TIM)、一个描述良好的激酶[雷帕霉素机制靶标复合物 2(mTORC2)]和一种常用机制(自磷酸化)的过程,该过程使 PKC 能够发出信号。这篇综述强调了对磷酸化如何控制 PKC 的新见解,并在磷酸化和自磷酸化调节 AGC 激酶的常见机制的背景下讨论了这些见解。