Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022 Apr 23;7(1):135. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4.
The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, microbiota can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, and skin microbiota. The microbial communities are in symbiosis with the host, contributing to homeostasis and regulating immune function. However, microbiota dysbiosis can lead to dysregulation of bodily functions and diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, etc. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of how microbiota links to host health or pathogenesis. We first summarize the research of microbiota in healthy conditions, including the gut-brain axis, colonization resistance and immune modulation. Then, we highlight the pathogenesis of microbiota dysbiosis in disease development and progression, primarily associated with dysregulation of community composition, modulation of host immune response, and induction of chronic inflammation. Finally, we introduce the clinical approaches that utilize microbiota for disease treatment, such as microbiota modulation and fecal microbial transplantation.
众多研究表明，微生物组在健康和疾病中的作用正日益受到重视。根据局部区域的不同，微生物组可分为肠道、口腔、呼吸和皮肤微生物组。微生物群落与宿主共生，有助于维持体内平衡并调节免疫功能。然而，微生物组失调可能导致身体功能失调和疾病，包括心血管疾病 (CVDs)、癌症、呼吸道疾病等。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了微生物组与宿主健康或发病机制相关的最新知识。我们首先总结了微生物组在健康状态下的研究，包括肠道-大脑轴、定植抵抗和免疫调节。然后，我们强调了微生物组失调在疾病发展和进展中的发病机制，主要与群落组成的失调、宿主免疫反应的调节以及慢性炎症的诱导有关。最后，我们介绍了利用微生物组治疗疾病的临床方法，如微生物组调节和粪便微生物移植。
