Molecular detection of Papillomavirus and immunohistochemical investigation of p53 gene expressions in bovine papillomas and fibropapillomas.

Papilloma and fibropapilloma cases are quite common in cattle breeding, which cause economic losses due to decrease in the production of milk, meat, and also impair the quality of hide. In this study, we aimed to determine viral etiology and investigate p53 expression levels with immunohistochemical methods from a total of 30 cases. The study material was collected between 2013 and 2021 in Kars, Turkey. Paraffin embedded tissues were used for earlier cases in which the freshly specimens could not be provided. Cases were investigated for papillomavirus etiology with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using FAP59/FAP64 and MY09/MY11 primer pairs. In 20 of the 30 cases papillomaviruses were identified, and 10 cases were identified as Bovine papillomavirus-1 (BPV-1), 1 case as BPV-2, 1 case as BPV-12, and 1 case as equus caballus papillomavirus 2 (EcPV-2) after sequence analysis. p53 immunostaining was also performed, and the cases were graded according to the positively stained cells. In conclusion BPV-12 was detected for the first time in our country, EcPV-2 was detected first time in cattle indicating cross species infection and p53 was staining most evident in BPV-1 and BPV-2 cases and BPV-12 and EcPV-2 was not stained.