Attitudes of dentists toward maintaining, repairing, or replacing direct composite resin restorations.

This study aimed to report the reasons for replacement of direct composite resin restorations in dental practices in Brazil. The study used a convenience sample of 213 dentists. A questionnaire was developed from previously validated instruments and sent electronically to prospective participants. The questions pertained to professional characteristics; criteria most frequently used in determining whether a direct composite resin restoration warranted replacement; and respondents' choice of treatment options (maintain, repair, or replace the restoration) in various clinical scenarios based on FDI World Dental Federation evaluation criteria, which are categorized into 3 groups: esthetic, functional, and biological properties. The descriptive statistical analysis was conducted using percentage frequencies, and associations between variables were tested using chi-square tests (α = 0.05). According to 47.9% of respondents, staining was the esthetic property that most often warranted replacement. For the functional property, 53.8% of respondents reported that fracture of material and retention was the most important factor indicating the need for replacement. For the clinical scenarios, 41.7% of respondents chose restoration replacement when evaluating esthetic properties, 59.8% when evaluating functional properties, and 64.4% when evaluating biological properties. Replacement, rather than maintenance or repair, was the most frequently reported clinical decision, and the dentists' professional profiles influenced treatment recommendations, with specialists exhibiting a slightly lower frequency of recommendations for replacement of direct composite resin restorations.