Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2022 Dec;63(12):1454-1465. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13620. Epub 2022 Apr 26.
Effective antibullying interventions may reduce the impact of bullying on young people's mental health. Nevertheless, little is known about their effectiveness in reducing internalizing symptoms such as anxiety or depression, and what factors may influence intervention effects. The aim of this systematic review, meta-analysis, and metaregression is to assess the effects of school-based antibullying interventions on children's and adolescent's internalizing symptoms. The secondary aims are to explore potential moderators, intervention components, and reductions in bullying as mediators of intervention effects on internalizing symptoms.
We searched nine databases: PsycINFO, Web of Science, ERIC, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Medline, Embase, ProQuest, and Cochrane Library, and performed an author search of included studies in English from January 1983 to April 2021. We included studies that evaluated school-based antibullying interventions using controlled designs and reporting on both bullying and internalizing outcomes. Random-effects and metaregression models were used to derive Hedges g values with pooled 95% CIs as estimates of effect size and to test associations between moderator variables and effect size estimates. Path analysis was used to test potential mediation using effect size measures of victimization, perpetration, and internalizing outcomes. Quality and risk of bias were assessed using Cochrane collaboration tools.
This review included 22 studies with 58,091 participants in the meta-analysis. Antibullying interventions had a very small effect in reducing overall internalizing symptoms (ES, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.0284 to 0.1005), anxiety (ES, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.011 to 0.158), and depression (ES, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.014 to 0.107) at postintervention. The reduction in internalizing symptoms did not vary significantly across geographic location, grade level, program duration, and intensity. The intervention component 'working with peers' was associated with a significant reduction, and 'using CBT techniques' was associated with a significant increase in internalizing outcomes. Bullying victimization and perpetration did not mediate the relationship between intervention condition and internalizing outcomes.
Antibullying interventions have a small impact on reducing internalizing symptoms. Ongoing development of antibullying interventions should address how best to maximize their impact on internalizing symptoms to safeguard young people from the damaging mental health outcomes of bullying.
有效的反欺凌干预措施可能会减轻欺凌对年轻人心理健康的影响。然而，我们对于这些干预措施在减轻焦虑或抑郁等内化症状方面的有效性知之甚少，也不知道哪些因素可能会影响干预效果。本系统评价、荟萃分析和元回归旨在评估基于学校的反欺凌干预对儿童和青少年内化症状的影响。次要目标是探索潜在的调节因素、干预组成部分以及欺凌减少作为干预对内化症状影响的中介。
我们检索了九个数据库：PsycINFO、Web of Science、ERIC、SCOPUS、CINAHL、Medline、Embase、ProQuest 和 Cochrane Library，并对 1983 年 1 月至 2021 年 4 月期间以英语发表的纳入研究进行了作者检索。我们纳入了使用对照设计评估基于学校的反欺凌干预并报告欺凌和内化结果的研究。使用随机效应和元回归模型得出 Hedges g 值，并用汇总的 95%置信区间 (CI) 作为效应量的估计值，并检验调节变量与效应量估计值之间的关联。路径分析用于使用受害者、施害者和内化结果的效应量测量值测试潜在的中介作用。使用 Cochrane 合作工具评估质量和偏倚风险。
本综述共纳入 22 项研究，其中 58091 名参与者进行了荟萃分析。反欺凌干预对减少整体内化症状（ES，0.06；95%CI，0.0284 至 0.1005）、焦虑（ES，0.08；95%CI，0.011 至 0.158）和抑郁（ES，0.06；95%CI，0.014 至 0.107）具有非常小的效果。内化症状的减少在地理位置、年级、项目持续时间和强度方面没有显著差异。干预组成部分“与同伴合作”与内化结果的显著减少相关，而“使用 CBT 技术”与内化结果的显著增加相关。欺凌受害者和施害者并没有作为干预条件与内化结果之间关系的中介。
反欺凌干预措施对减轻内化症状有一定的影响。正在开发的反欺凌干预措施应解决如何最大限度地提高其对内化症状的影响，以保护年轻人免受欺凌造成的破坏性心理健康后果。
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