Horvat Nathan P, Logothetis Constantine N, Zhang Ling, Yun Seongseok, Sweet Kendra
Oncology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA.
Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA.
Cureus. 2022 Mar 29;14(3):e23618. doi: 10.7759/cureus.23618. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a rare group of acute leukemias with blasts that co-express antigens of more than one lineage or separate populations of blasts of different lineages. Though treatment guidelines are not well established, the standard of care in treating MPAL remains the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)-derived chemotherapeutic regimen of hyper-cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin (also known by its trade name, Adriamycin), and dexamethasone (CVAD) followed by allogeneic stem-cell transplant (ASCT). Beyond induction chemotherapy, evidence-based treatments remain to be investigated, especially regarding patients who relapse prior to ASCT. This case report illustrates a patient with relapsed MPAL following induction hyper-CVAD who was not immediately eligible for ASCT. After brief treatment with gilteritinib alone, the patient was started on gilteritinib and azacitidine as salvage therapy and achieved and maintained complete remission with incomplete count recovery (CRi) for eight months. Targeted therapy is a novel approach to improve survival rate, but unfortunately, there have been very few studies in the context of MPAL. We report a patient with relapsed FLT3-mutant MPAL who achieved remission using a combination approach with targeted therapy.
混合表型急性白血病(MPAL)是一组罕见的急性白血病,其原始细胞共表达一种以上谱系的抗原或不同谱系的原始细胞分离群体。尽管治疗指南尚未完善,但治疗MPAL的标准治疗方案仍是源自急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的化疗方案,即高剂量环磷酰胺、长春新碱、阿霉素(商品名:阿霉素)和地塞米松(CVAD),随后进行异基因干细胞移植(ASCT)。除诱导化疗外,循证治疗仍有待研究,尤其是对于在ASCT前复发的患者。本病例报告描述了一名诱导高剂量CVAD治疗后复发的MPAL患者,该患者当时不具备立即进行ASCT的条件。在单独使用吉列替尼进行短暂治疗后,该患者开始接受吉列替尼和阿扎胞苷作为挽救治疗,并实现并维持了不完全血细胞计数恢复的完全缓解(CRi)长达八个月。靶向治疗是提高生存率的一种新方法,但遗憾的是,在MPAL背景下的研究非常少。我们报告了一名复发的FLT3突变型MPAL患者,该患者通过靶向治疗联合方案实现了缓解。