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Kelly McWilliams, Shanna Williams, Hayden M Henderson, Angela D Evans, Thomas D Lyon
Department of Psychology, 14775John Jay College of Criminal Justice and Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.
Educational and Counselling Psychology, 5620McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Child Maltreat. 2023 May;28(2):265-274. doi: 10.1177/10775595221104829. Epub 2022 May 23.
Forensic interviewers ask children broad input-free recall questions about individual episodes in order to elicit complete narratives, often asking about "the first time," "the last time," and "one time." An overlooked problem is that the word "time" is potentially ambiguous, referring both to a particular episode and to conventional temporal information. We examined 191 6-9-year-old maltreated children's responses to questions about recent events varying the wording of the invitations, either asking children to "tell me about" or "tell me what happened" one time/the first time/the last time the child experienced recent recurrent events. Additionally, half of the children were asked a series of "when" questions about recurrent events before the invitations. Children were several times more likely to provide exclusively conventional temporal information to "tell me about" invitations compared to "tell me what happened" invitations, and asking "when" questions before the invitations increased children's tendency to give exclusively conventional temporal information. Children who answered a higher proportion of "when" questions with conventional temporal information were also more likely to do so in response to the invitations. The results suggest that children may often fail to provide narrative information because they misinterpret invitations using the word "time."
法庭口译员会向儿童提出广泛的、无需提示的回忆问题，以引出完整的叙述，通常会询问“第一次”、“最后一次”和“某一次”。一个被忽视的问题是，“时间”一词可能存在歧义，既指特定的事件，也指传统的时间信息。我们研究了 191 名 6-9 岁受虐待儿童对不同措辞的邀请的反应，邀请的措辞要么是“告诉我一次”，要么是“告诉我发生了什么”，一次/第一次/最后一次孩子经历了最近的反复事件。此外，一半的孩子在邀请前被问到一系列关于反复事件的“何时”问题。与“告诉我发生了什么”的邀请相比，孩子们更有可能只提供传统的时间信息来回答“告诉我”的邀请，而且在邀请前询问“何时”问题会增加孩子们只提供传统时间信息的倾向。那些用传统时间信息回答更多“何时”问题的孩子也更有可能在回答邀请时这样做。研究结果表明，孩子们可能经常无法提供叙述信息，因为他们误解了“时间”这个词的邀请。
