Manneh Kopp Ray, Espinosa-Olarte Paula, Alonso-Gordoa Teresa
Sociedad de Oncología y Hematología del Cesar, Valledupar 200001, Colombia.
Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 May 19;14(10):2514. doi: 10.3390/cancers14102514.
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumours with a diverse behaviour, biology and prognosis, whose incidence is gradually increasing. Their diagnosis is challenging and a multidisciplinary approach is often required. The combination of pathology, molecular biomarkers, and the use of novel imaging techniques leads to an accurate diagnosis and a better treatment approach. To determine the functionality of the tumour, somatostatin receptor expression, differentiation, and primary tumour origin are the main determining tumour-dependent factors to guide treatment, both in local and metastatic stages. Until recently, little was known about the biological behaviour of these tumours. However, in recent years, many advances have been achieved in the molecular characterization and diagnosis of NENs. The incorporation of novel radiotracer-based imaging techniques, such as Gallium-DOTATATE PET-CT, has significantly increased diagnostic sensitivity, while introducing the theragnosis concept, offering new treatment strategies. Here, we will review current knowledge and novelties in the diagnosis of NENs, including molecular biology, pathology, and new radiotracers.
神经内分泌肿瘤（NENs）是一组异质性肿瘤，其行为、生物学特性和预后各不相同，发病率正在逐渐上升。它们的诊断具有挑战性，通常需要多学科方法。病理学、分子生物标志物以及新型成像技术的联合应用可实现准确诊断并带来更好的治疗方法。为确定肿瘤的功能，生长抑素受体表达、分化以及原发肿瘤起源是指导局部和转移阶段治疗的主要肿瘤相关决定因素。直到最近，人们对这些肿瘤的生物学行为了解甚少。然而，近年来，神经内分泌肿瘤的分子特征和诊断取得了许多进展。基于新型放射性示踪剂的成像技术（如镓-奥曲肽PET-CT）的引入显著提高了诊断敏感性，同时引入了诊疗一体化概念，提供了新的治疗策略。在此，我们将综述神经内分泌肿瘤诊断方面的现有知识和新进展，包括分子生物学、病理学和新型放射性示踪剂。
